Section 1 16

Adhishtana, Samadhi- Nirupanam

Summary (in English)

This set of slokas focuses on the path to understanding the true nature of reality and achieving liberation (mokṣa) through self-realization and disciplined meditation. The analogy of mistaking a rope for a snake highlights ignorance, which is dispelled by correct knowledge of reality, leading to liberation (śloka 348). The mind's illusory perceptions and the need to discern reality are emphasized (śloka 349), followed by distinguishing between the changing modifications of the ego and body within prakṛti, and the eternal ātman (self) (śloka 350). The nature of the Supreme Self (parātmā) as non-dual and the eternal witness is explored, highlighting the need for inner realization (śloka 351).

The wise discern reality and attain peace and liberation through self-knowledge (śloka 352) and the dissolution of ignorance through deep meditation (śloka 353). As distinctions dissolve in meditation, one realizes the undifferentiated Supreme Reality (śloka 354). Through characteristics such as peace and self-control, an ascetic realizes oneness with all and achieves a blissful, doubt-free state (śloka 355). True liberation is attained through the internalization of experiences into the self, rather than through intellectual discourse (śloka 356).

The removal of conditioning underscores the importance of dissolution through meditation for realizing one's pure state (śloka 357). Devotion to truth transforms one's nature, just as a worm becomes a bee through concentration (śloka 358-359), emphasizing the subtlety of the Supreme Soul and the need for pure intellect and deep concentration (śloka 360). The purification of the mind through meditation leads to self-realization (śloka 361), and the power of continuous practice emerges as a key to realizing non-dual bliss (śloka 362).

Through meditation, one destroys mental knots, achieving spontaneous self-realization (śloka 363), further substantiating the transformative power of meditation and contemplation over mere scriptural instruction (śloka 364). Meditation stills the mind, enabling clear realization of Brahman (śloka 365). Controlling the senses, calming the mind, and realizing oneness extinguishes ignorance (śloka 366), leading to bliss for the yogi focused on divine experience through consistent mind control (śloka 367-368).

सारांश

यह श्लोक-वर्ग सत्य की वास्तविक पहचान और आत्म-अध्यात्मिकता एवं ध्यान के अनुशासन के माध्यम से मोक्ष (मुक्ति) प्राप्त करने की दिशा में केंद्रित है। रस्सी को साँप समझने के दृष्टांत के माध्यम से अज्ञानता का उन्मूलन और सही ज्ञान के माध्यम से मोक्ष की प्राप्ति का वर्णन किया गया है (श्लोक ३४८)। मन की भ्रामक धारणाओं और वास्तविकता को समझने की आवश्यकता पर जोर दिया गया है (श्लोक ३४९), और प्रकृति के अंतर्गत अहंकार और शरीर के बदलते रूपों और शाश्वत आत्मा के बीच अंतर को चिन्हित किया गया है (श्लोक ३५०)।

परमात्मा (परात्मा) की अद्वैत एवं शाश्वत साक्षी रूपी प्रकृति का वर्णन किया गया है, जिससे आंतरिक जागरूकता की आवश्यकता स्पष्ट होती है (श्लोक ३५१)। बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति सत्य को पहचानकर आत्म-ज्ञान के माध्यम से शांति और मोक्ष प्राप्त करता है (श्लोक ३५२), और गहरे ध्यान के माध्यम से अज्ञानता का नाश होता है (श्लोक ३५३)। ध्यान में विभाजनों का लोप होने से परम वास्तविकता की पहचान होती है (श्लोक ३५४)।

योगी के लिए यह साबित होता है कि सांसारिक बंधनों से सच्ची मुक्ति आत्म-ज्ञान के समूहन में पाई जाती है (श्लोक ३५६)। योग के साधनों में विद्वान व्यक्ति के लिए ध्यान के माध्यम से रूप-प्रपंच का लोप उनके शुद्ध अवस्था में लाने पर जोर दिया गया है (श्लोक ३५७)।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

• mokṣa (मोक्ष)
• paramātma (परमात्मा)
• avikalpa samādhi (अविकल्प समाधि)
• nirvikalpa samādhi (निर्विकल्प समाधि)
• ahaṅkāra (अहंकार)
• prakṛti (प्रकृति)
• ātman (आत्मा)
• upādhi (उपाधि)

Topics

• Reality vs Illusion
• The Eternal Self vs Transient Ego
• Non-dual Consciousness
• Meditation and Liberation
• Transformation through Devotion

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

• Teaching a method (meditation)
• Transformation (through focus)
• Distinguishing Eternity from Transience
• Non-dual Consciousness

S-V-O Tuples or Propositions as Text

Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples

Subject	Verb	Object
Wise (viduṣā)	should know	true nature of reality (vastu-satattva)
Mind	manifests	false perceptions
Self (ātman)	transcends	modifications of prakṛti
Wise one (vipaścit)	discerns	real from unreal
Knot of ignorance	dissolves	through meditation
Yogi	attains	Supreme Reality (paramātma)
Person	becomes	virtuous by focusing on truth
Sage	should restrain	mind through meditation

Slokas & Translations

Sloka 348

एतत्त्रितयं दृष्टं सम्यग्रज्जुस्वरूपविज्ञानात् ।
तस्माद्वस्तुसतत्त्वं ज्ञातव्यं बन्धमुक्तये विदुषा ॥ ३४८ ॥

Translation: Thus, these three delusions are dispelled through the correct knowledge of the rope's nature; therefore, the true nature of reality should be known by the wise for liberation.

Sloka 349

अयोऽग्नियोगादिव सत्समन्वयान्
मात्रादिरूपेण विजृम्भते धीः ।
तत्कार्यमेतद्द्वितयं यतो मृषा
दृष्टं भ्रमस्वप्नमनोरथेषु ॥ ३४९ ॥

Translation: The mind manifests in forms like measure, akin to the union of iron and fire, but its twofold effects are seen as false, just as in illusions, dreams, and fancies.

Sloka 350

ततो विकाराः प्रकृतेरहंमुखा 
देहावसाना विषयाश्च सर्वे ।
क्षणेऽन्यथाभावितया ह्यमीषाम् 
असत्त्वमात्मा तु कदापि नान्यथा ॥ ३५० ॥

Translation: Therefore, all modifications, beginning with the ego and ending with the body, undergo transformation and impermanence; however, the Self is never otherwise.

Sloka 351

नित्याद्वयाखण्डचिदेकरूपो
बुद्ध्यादिसाक्षी सदसद्विलक्षणः ।
अहंपदप्रत्ययलक्षितार्थः
प्रत्यक्सदानन्दघनः परात्मा ॥ ३५१ ॥

Translation: The Supreme Self, which is eternal, non-dual, and of the nature of indivisible consciousness, is the witness of the intellect and other faculties, distinct from both existence and non-existence, indicated by the import of the word 'I', and is always dense with bliss.

Sloka 352

इत्थं विपश्चित्सदसद्विभज्य
निश्चित्य तत्त्वं निजबोधदृष्ट्या ।
ज्ञात्वा स्वमात्मानमखण्डबोधं
तेभ्यो विमुक्तः स्वयमेव शाम्यति ॥ ३५२ ॥

Translation: Thus, the wise one, discerning the real from the unreal and realizing the truth through self-knowledge, knowing his own self as the indivisible awareness, becomes liberated and attains peace by himself.

Sloka 353

अज्ञानहृदयग्रन्थेर्निःशेषविलयस्तदा ।
समाधिनाविकल्पेन यदाद्वैतात्मदर्शनम् ॥ ३५३ ॥

Translation: When, through non-conceptual meditation, total dissolution of the knot of ignorance in the heart occurs, there is the realization of non-dual self.

Sloka 354

त्वमहमिदमितीयं कल्पना बुद्धिदोषात्
प्रभवति परमात्मन्यद्वये निर्विशेषे । 
प्रविलसति समाधावस्य सर्वो विकल्पो
विलयनमुपगच्छेद्वस्तुतत्त्वावधृत्या ॥ ३५४ ॥

Translation: The notion of 'you', 'I', and 'this' arises due to the fault of intellect in the non-dual, undifferentiated Supreme Self. All these distinctions vanish in deep meditation, realizing the true essence of being.

Sloka 355

शान्तो दान्तः परमुपरतः क्षान्तियुक्तः समाधिं
कुर्वन्नित्यं कलयति यतिः स्वस्य सर्वात्मभावम् ।
तेनाविद्यातिमिरजनितान्साधु दग्ध्वा विकल्पान्
ब्रह्माकृत्या निवसति सुखं निष्क्रियो निर्विकल्पः ॥ ३५५ ॥

Translation: The ascetic, who is peaceful, self-controlled, and detached, having constant meditation, perceives his oneness with all; thus, having destroyed all ignorance-born delusions, he remains in bliss, inactive and free of doubts.

Sloka 356

समाहिता ये प्रविलाप्य बाह्यं
श्रोत्रादि चेतः स्वमहं चिदात्मनि ।
त एव मुक्ता भवपाशबन्धैः
नान्ये तु पारोक्ष्यकथाभिधायिनः ॥ ३५६ ॥

Translation: Only those who internalize the external senses and mind into the Self are liberated from worldly bonds, not those who merely speak of indirect knowledge.

Sloka 357

उपाधिभेदात्स्वयमेव भिद्यते
चोपाध्यपोहे स्वयमेव केवलः ।
तस्मादुपाधेर्विलयाय विद्वान्
वसेत्सदाकल्पसमाधिनिष्ठया ॥ ३५७ ॥

Translation: Due to distinctions created by conditioning, one appears divided; removing these, one remains pure. Therefore, the wise one should always stay established in deep meditation to dissolve these conditionings.

Sloka 358

सति सक्तो नरो याति सद्भावं ह्येकनिष्ठया ।
कीटको भ्रमरं ध्यायन् भ्रमरत्वाय कल्पते ॥ ३५८ ॥

Translation: A person becomes virtuous by being devoted to the truth, just as a worm meditating on a bee transforms into a bee.

Sloka 359

क्रियान्तरासक्तिमपास्य कीटको
ध्यायन्नलित्वं ह्यलिभावमृच्छति ।
तथैव योगी परमात्मतत्त्वं
ध्यात्वा समायाति तदेकनिष्ठया ॥ ३५९ ॥

Translation: Just as the insect, having abandoned other activities and meditating on being a bee, attains the state of being a bee, similarly, a yogi attains the essence of the Supreme Self through one-pointed meditation.

Sloka 360

अतीव सूक्ष्मं परमात्मतत्त्वं
न स्थूलदृष्ट्या प्रतिपत्तुमर्हति ।
समाधिनात्यन्तसुसूक्ष्मवृत्या
ज्ञातव्यमार्यैरतिशुद्धबुद्धिभिः ॥ ३६ ॥

Translation: The nature of the Supreme Soul is extremely subtle; it cannot be realized with a gross perspective. It must be known by the noble ones with exceedingly pure intellect through deep concentration and a very subtle awareness.

Sloka 361

यथा सुवर्णं पुटपाकशोधितं
त्यक्त्वा मलं स्वात्मगुणं समृच्छति ।
तथा मनः सत्त्वरजस्तमोमलं
ध्यानेन सन्त्यज्य समेति तत्त्वम् ॥ ३६१ ॥

Translation: Just as gold purified by fire removes its impurities and attains its inherent quality, similarly, the mind, by relinquishing the impurities of sattva, rajas, and tamas through meditation, attains the truth.

Sloka 362

निरन्तराभ्यासवशात्तदित्थं
पक्वं मनो ब्रह्मणि लीयते यदा ।
तदा समाधिः सविकल्पवर्जितः
स्वतोऽद्वयानन्दरसानुभावकः ॥ ३६२ ॥

Translation: When the mind, ripened by continuous practice, dissolves into the Brahman, then the state of meditation, devoid of thought, naturally manifests the bliss of non-duality.

Sloka 363

समाधिनानेन समस्तवासना 
ग्रन्थेर्विनाशोऽखिलकर्मनाशः ।
अन्तर्बहिः सर्वत एव सर्वदा
स्वरूपविस्फूर्तिरयत्नतः स्यात् ॥ ३६३ ॥

Translation: With this meditation, the destruction of all mental knots and the cessation of all actions occur, and always and everywhere, both within and without, the spontaneous manifestation of one's true nature arises effortlessly.

Sloka 364

श्रुतेः शतगुणं विद्यान्मननं मननादपि ।
निदिध्यासनं लक्षगुणमनन्तं निर्विकल्पकम् ॥ ३६४ ॥

Translation: Contemplation is a hundred times more beneficial than hearing; meditation, a hundred thousand times more, leading to infinite, non-dual realization.

Sloka 365

निर्विकल्पकसमाधिना स्फुटं
ब्रह्मतत्त्वमवगम्यते ध्रुवम् ।
नान्यथा चलतया मनोगतेः
प्रत्ययान्तरविमिश्रितं भवेत् ॥ ३६५ ॥

Translation: The reality of Brahman is clearly comprehended through unwavering meditation; otherwise, the mind's fluctuation creates mingling with other concepts.

Sloka 366

अतः समाधत्स्व यतेन्द्रियः सन्
निरन्तरं शान्तमनाः प्रतीचि ।
विध्वंसय ध्वान्तमनाद्यविद्यया
कृतं सदेकत्वविलोकनेन ॥ ३६६ ॥

Translation: Therefore, with controlled senses, continuously calm your mind inwardly and destroy the darkness created by beginningless ignorance through the vision of oneness.

Sloka 367

योगस्य प्रथमद्वारं वाङ्निरोधोऽपरिग्रहः ।
निराशा च निरीहा च नित्यमेकान्तशीलता ॥ ३६७ ॥

Translation: The first gateway to yoga is the restraint of speech, non-possessiveness, freedom from desires and expectations, along with constant solitude.

Sloka 368

एकान्तस्थितिरिन्द्रियोपरमणे हेनुर्दमश्चेतसः
संरोधे करणं शमेन विलयं यायादहंवासना ।
तेनानन्दरसानुभूतिरचला ब्राह्मी सदा योगिनः
तस्माच्चित्तनिरोध एव सततं कार्यः प्रयत्नो मुनेः ॥ ३६८ ॥

Translation: Solitude leads to control over the senses; calmness quietens the mind's tendencies. Consequently, fixed blissful knowledge arises, revealing a constant divine experience for the yogi. Thus, a sage should continuously strive to restrain the mind.