Section 1 4

Summary (in English)

The passage of slokas addresses the nature of the physical body and the profound philosophy associated with its existence. It begins by identifying the body as a composite of various physical elements like marrow, bones, and skin, indicating its complexity but also underscoring its transience. The wise perceive the body as a temporary vessel, composed of the five great elements (pañca-mahā-bhūtas), thus, distinguishing between the gross and subtle elements. The gross body is depicted as a vehicle for experiencing pleasure through sensory interactions, but also as a source of delusion (moha) and bondage, likened to the great death if not understood and conquered.

People attached to the body and the sense objects are compared to beings ensnared by sensory indulgences, which act as powerful, binding forces, exemplified by animals succumbing to one sense, while humans are tempted by all five. The destructive potential of indulging in senses is compared to that of a black serpent's poison, more lethal as it affects the observer too. Liberation (mokṣa) is deemed achievable only through detachment from these desires, symbolized as great bonds. The journey for true freedom involves using dispassion as a tool to navigate through material existence, moving beyond superficial gains.

Moreover, it reflects on the futility of focusing solely on bodily maintenance, indicating that misguided attention to physical needs leads to spiritual neglect. True liberation begins with overcoming delusion concerning relationships and societal bonds, pointing towards transcending mundane ties for spiritual progress. Therefore, cultivating inner virtues like satisfaction, compassion, forgiveness, tranquility, and self-control are essential. This aids in the realization that the body, birth, aging, and death are just stages within a broader life cycle subject to social constructs. Ultimately, realization of the body's impermanence is crucial for spiritual evolution towards union with one's true self.

सारांश

श्लोकों का यह अंश शारीरिक शरीर की प्रकृति और इसके अस्तित्व से जुड़ी गहन दर्शनशास्त्र का विवेचन करता है। यह शरीर को मज्जा, हड्डियाँ, और त्वचा जैसे विभिन्न भौतिक तत्वों का मिश्रण बताते हुए इसकी जटिलता को इंगित करता है लेकिन इसके क्षणभंगुरता को भी रेखांकित करता है। ज्ञानी इसे एक अस्थायी माध्यम मानते हैं, जो पांच महाभूतों का संयोग है, इसीलिए स्थूल और सूक्ष्म तत्वों के बीच का भेद बताते हैं। स्थूल शरीर इंद्रियों के अनुभव के लिए एक माध्यम है, लेकिन यह भ्रम और बंधन का स्रोत भी है, जिसे यदि समझा और जीता न गया तो महान मृत्यु के समान है।

शरीर और इंद्रियवस्तुओं से जुड़े लोग इंद्रिय भोग के जाल में फंसे हुए प्राणियों के समान है, जो शक्तिशाली बंधनकारी शक्तियों के रूप में कार्य करते हैं। इंद्रिय सुखों में लिप्त होने की विनाशकारी क्षमता की तुलना एक काले नाग के विष से की गई है, जो केवल उपभोक्ता ही नहीं, बल्कि देखकर भी नुकसान पहुंचा सकता है। मुक्ति (मोक्ष) केवल तभी संभव है जब इन इच्छाओं से अलग हो जाएं, जिन्हें महान बंधन के समान माना गया है। सच्ची स्वतंत्रता की यात्रा भौतिक अस्तित्व के माध्यम से निर्वर्तन का साधन है, सतही लाभों से परे बढ़ना।

साथ ही, यह केवल शारीरिक देखभाल पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने की मूर्खता को दर्शाता है, ताकि भौतिक आवश्यकताओं पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने से आध्यात्मिक उपेक्षा होती है। सच्ची मुक्ति संबंधों और सामाजिक बंधनों के विषय में मोह को जीतने से प्रारम्भ होती है, यानि सांसारिक संबंध से परे जाकर आध्यात्मिक प्रगति की ओर अग्रसर होना। इसलिए, आंतरिक गुणों को बढ़ाना जैसे संतोष, करुणा, क्षमा, शांति और आत्म-नियंत्रण आवश्यक हैं। यह समझने में सहायक होता है कि शरीर, जन्म, बढ़ती उम्र और मृत्यु केवल एक जीवन चक्र के हिस्से हैं जो सामाजिक संरचनाओं के अधीन होते हैं। अंतत: शरीर की अस्थाई प्रकृति का बोध आध्यात्मिक विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है, अपने सच्चे स्वरूप के साथ मिलन की ओर अग्रसर होने के लिए।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

• sthūlaśarīra (स्थूलशरीर)
• pañca-mahā-bhūtas (पञ्चमहाभूत)
• viṣaya (विषय)
• mokṣa (मोक्ष)
• moha (मोह)
• vāirāgya (वैराग्य)

Topics

• Composition and nature of the physical body.
• Distinction between gross and subtle elements.
• The impact of sensory indulgence on spiritual growth.
• The role of inner virtues in overcoming delusion.
• The journey from ignorance to spiritual liberation.

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

• Teaching a method (of spiritual liberation)
• Listing characteristics (of the physical body)
• Describing consequences (of sensory attachment)
• Philosophical reflections on detachment and realization

S-V-O Tuples or Propositions as Text

Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples

Subject	Verb	Object
The body	is composed of	elements like marrow, bones, and skin
The wise	consider	body as temporary
Humans	succumb	to all five senses
Liberation seekers	must renounce	sensory pleasures like poison
Detachment seekers	are hindered by	desires
He who	conquers	delusion deserves liberation
One	neglecting liberation	harms himself

Slokas & Translations

Sloka 72

मज्जास्थिमेदःपलरक्तचर्म
त्वगाह्वयैर्धातुभिरेभिरन्वितम् ।
पादोरुवक्षोभुजपृष्ठमस्तकैः
अङ्गैरुपाङ्गैरुपयुक्तमेतत् ॥ ७२ ॥

Translation: This body is composed of elements such as marrow, bones, fat, flesh, skin, designated by names; equipped with limbs and sub-limbs like feet, thighs, chest, arms, back, and head.

Sloka 73

अहंममेतिप्रथितं शरीरं
मोहास्पदं स्थूलमितीर्यते बुधैः ।
नभोनभस्वद्दहनाम्बुभूमयः
सूक्ष्माणि भूतानि भवन्ति तानि ॥ ७३ ॥

Translation: The body, well-known as 'I' and 'mine' and being the abode of delusion, is considered gross by the wise. The subtle elements, such as space, air, fire, water, and earth, form the basis of these.

Sloka 74

परस्परांशैर्मिलितानि भूत्वा
स्थूलानि च स्थूलशरीरहेतवः ।
मात्रास्तदीया विषया भवन्ति
शब्दादयः पञ्च सुखाय भोक्तुः ॥ ७४ ॥

Translation: The mutual combinations of elements become gross and form the gross body, and their aspects, the five senses like sound, become the objects of enjoyment for the experiencer.

Sloka 75

य एषु मूढा विषयेषु बद्धा
रागोरुपाशेन सुदुर्दमेन ।
आयान्ति निर्यान्त्यध ऊर्ध्वमुच्चैः
स्वकर्मदूतेन जवेन नीताः ॥ ७५ ॥

Translation: Bound by the strong and unyielding snare of attachment to sense objects, the deluded ones are swiftly propelled upward and downward by their deeds.

Sloka 76

शब्दादिभिः पञ्चभिरेव पञ्च 
पञ्चत्वमापुः स्वगुणेन बद्धाः । 
कुरङ्गमातङ्गपतङ्गमीन
भृङ्गा नरः पञ्चभिरञ्चितः किम् ॥ ७६ ॥

Translation: The deer, elephant, moth, fish, and bee each succumb to one of the five senses; what about man, who is attracted by all five?

Sloka 77

दोषेण तीव्रो विषयः कृष्णसर्पविषादपि ।
विषं निहन्ति भोक्तारं द्रष्टारं चक्षुषाप्ययम् ॥ ७७ ॥

Translation: The senses are more intense and destructive than the poison of a black serpent; this poison can harm the consumer and also the observer.

Sloka 78

विषयाशामहापाशाद्यो विमुक्तः सुदुस्त्यजात् ।
स एव कल्पते मुक्त्यै नान्यः षट्शास्त्रवेद्यपि ॥ ७८ ॥

Translation: Only the one who is freed from the formidable bonds of desires is deemed eligible for liberation, not others, even if they are learned in the six scriptures.

Sloka 79

आपातवैराग्यवतो मुमुक्षून्
भवाब्धिपारं प्रतियातुमुद्यतान् ।
आशाग्रहो मज्जयतेऽन्तराले
निगृह्य कण्ठे विनिवर्त्य वेगात् ॥ ७९ ॥

Translation: The sudden detachment seekers, endeavoring to cross the ocean of existence, are drowned midway by the shark of desires, gripping them by the neck and forcefully turning them back.

Sloka 80

विषयाख्यग्रहो येन सुविरक्त्यसिना हतः ।
स गच्छति भवाम्भोधेः पारं प्रत्यूहवर्जितः ॥ ८0 ॥

Translation: He who slays the crocodile named 'sense-objects' with the sword of dispassion crosses the ocean of worldly existence unobstructed.

Sloka 81

विषमविषयमार्गैर्गच्छतोऽनच्छबुद्धेः
प्रतिपदमभियातो मृत्युरप्येष विद्धि ।
हितसुजनगुरुक्त्या गच्छतः स्वस्य युक्त्या
प्रभवति फलसिद्धिः सत्यमित्येव विद्धि ॥ ८१ ॥

Translation: Understand that death accompanies one who treads along difficult sensual paths with an unruly mind, whereas following the advice of beneficial wise teachers and one's discretion brings about successful fruition.

Sloka 82

मोक्षस्य कांक्षा यदि वै तवास्ति
त्यजातिदूराद्विषयान्विषं यथा ।
पीयूषवत्तोषदयाक्षमार्जव
प्रशान्तिदान्तीर्भज नित्यमादरात् ॥ ८२ ॥

Translation: If you indeed wish for liberation, then renounce sensory pleasures like poison and always cultivate satisfaction, compassion, forgiveness, simplicity, tranquility, and control with reverence.

Sloka 83

अनुक्षणं यत्परिहृत्य कृत्यं
अनाद्यविद्याकृतबन्धमोक्षणम् ।
देहः परार्थोऽयममुष्य पोषणे
यः सज्जते स स्वमनेन हन्ति ॥ ८३ ॥

Translation: One who is continually engrossed in attending to the body's needs, neglecting the true goal of liberation from the bondage of beginningless ignorance, harms himself.

Sloka 84

शरीरपोषणार्थी सन् य आत्मानं दिदृक्षति ।
ग्राहं दारुधिया धृत्वा नदि तर्तुं स गच्छति ॥ ८४ ॥

Translation: He who seeks to nourish the body, while desiring to see the Self, attempts to cross a river by grasping a wooden crocodile.

Sloka 85

मोह एव महामृत्युर्मुमुक्षोर्वपुरादिषु ।
मोहो विनिर्जितो येन स मुक्तिपदमर्हति ॥ ८५ ॥

Translation: For the one seeking liberation, delusion itself is the great death in bodily existence; he who conquers delusion deserves the abode of liberation.

Sloka 86

मोहं जहि महामृत्युं देहदारसुतादिषु ।
यं जित्वा मुनयो यान्ति तद्विष्णोः परमं पदम् ॥ ८६ ॥

Translation: Conquer the delusion, the great death, concerning body, spouse, and children; having conquered it, sages reach the supreme abode of Vishnu.

Sloka 87

त्वङ्मांसरुधिरस्नायुमेदोमज्जास्थिसंकुलम् ।
पूर्णं मूत्रपुरीषाभ्यां स्थूलं निन्द्यमिदं वपुः ॥ ८७ ॥

Translation: This gross body, composed of skin, flesh, blood, nerves, fat, marrow, and bones, and filled with urine and feces, is despicable.

Sloka 88

पञ्चीकृतेभ्यो भूतेभ्यः स्थूलेभ्यः पूर्वकर्मणा ।
समुत्पन्नमिदं स्थूलं भोगायतनमात्मनः
अवस्था जागरस्तस्य स्थूलार्थानुभवो यतः ॥ ८८ ॥

Translation: From the grossified elements arises this gross body, which serves as the instrument of experience for the soul. Its waking state is where grosser experiences are realized.

Sloka 89

बाह्येन्द्रियैः स्थूलपदार्थसेवां
स्रक्चन्दनस्त्र्यादिविचित्ररूपाम् ।
करोति जीवः स्वयमेतदात्मना
तस्मात्प्रशस्तिर्वपुषोऽस्य जागरे ॥ ८९ ॥

Translation: Through the external senses, the soul engages in the enjoyment of gross objects in various forms such as garlands, sandalwood, and women; therefore, the body is glorified in waking state.

Sloka 90

सर्वापि बाह्यसंसारः पुरुषस्य यदाश्रयः ।
विद्धि देहमिदं स्थूलं गृहवद्गृहमेधिनः ॥ ९0 ॥

Translation: Understand this physical body as the means of external worldly existence, like the house for a householder.

Sloka 91

स्थूलस्य संभवजरामरणानि धर्माः
स्थौल्यादयो बहुविधाः शिशुताद्यवस्थाः ।
वर्णाश्रमादिनियमा बहुधामयाः स्युः
पूजावमानबहुमानमुखा विशेषाः ॥ ९१ ॥

Translation: The characteristics of the gross body include its birth, aging, and death, along with various stages like childhood and adulthood; governed by numerous rules of caste and stage of life, and distinctions marked by respect and disrespect.