Katha:1.2.23

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Mantra 1.2.23

Original Text:

नायमात्मा प्रवचनेन लभ्यो न मेधया न बहुना श्रुतेन ।
	यमेवैष वृणुते तेन लभ्यस्तस्यैष आत्मा विवृणुते तनूँ स्वाम् ॥ २३ ॥
nāyamātmā pravacanena labhyo na medhayā na bahunā śrutena |
	yamevaiṣa vṛṇute tena labhyastasyaiṣa ātmā vivṛṇute tanūm̐ svām || 23 ||
Word-by-Word Breakdown
Sanskrit Term Transliteration Hindi Meaning English Word or Meaning Comments
na नहीं – अभाव को दर्शाने वाला not अयम् ayam यह – निकट में स्थित वस्तु this आत्मा ātman आत्मा – चेतन तत्त्व, स्वभाविक सत्ता ātman (self; conscious principle) प्रवचनेन pravacanena उपदेश या शास्त्र-अध्ययन के द्वारा by discourse or study of scriptures लभ्यः labhyaḥ प्राप्त होता – उपलब्ध होने योग्य attainable na नहीं – अभाव को दर्शाने वाला not मेधया medhayā बुद्धि या स्मरण-शक्ति के द्वारा by intelligence or memory na नहीं – अभाव को दर्शाने वाला not बहुना bahunā बहुत – अधिकता को दर्शाने वाला by much श्रुतेन śrutena श्रवण या वेद-ज्ञान के द्वारा by hearing or by scriptural knowledge यम् yam जिसे – जिसको whom एव eva ही – विशेष बल देने वाला only एषः eṣaḥ यह – विशेष रूप से निर्दिष्ट this वृणुते vṛṇute चुनता है – चयन करता है chooses, seeks तेन tena उसके द्वारा – उसी के माध्यम से by him लभ्यः labhyaḥ प्राप्त होता – उपलब्ध होने योग्य attainable तस्य tasya उसके – उस व्यक्ति का of him एषः eṣaḥ यह – विशेष रूप से निर्दिष्ट this आत्मा ātman आत्मा – चेतन तत्त्व, स्वभाविक सत्ता ātman (self; conscious principle) विवृणुते vivṛṇute प्रकट करता है – प्रकट करना reveals, discloses तनूम् tanūm स्वरूप – अपना रूप own form, true nature स्वाम् svām अपनी – स्व की own

Translation/Explanation

Hindi: यह आत्मा न तो प्रवचन (शास्त्र-अध्ययन) से, न बुद्धि या स्मरण-शक्ति से, और न ही बहुत अधिक श्रवण (शास्त्र-ज्ञान) से प्राप्त होती है। जिसे यह आत्मा स्वयं चुनती है, उसी के द्वारा यह आत्मा प्राप्त होती है; उस जिज्ञासु के प्रति यह आत्मा अपना स्वरूप प्रकट कर देती है। यहाँ उपनिषद् यह स्पष्ट करता है कि आत्मा का साक्षात्कार केवल बाहरी साधनों से नहीं, बल्कि सच्ची जिज्ञासा और आत्म-निष्ठा से ही संभव है। जब साधक केवल आत्मा की ही खोज करता है, तब आत्मा स्वयं अपने स्वरूप को प्रकट करती है।

English: This ātman is not attainable through pravacana (study or discourse of scriptures), nor through medhā (intelligence or memory), nor by much śruti (hearing or scriptural knowledge). The ātman is attained only by the one whom this ātman itself chooses; to such a seeker, the ātman reveals its own true nature. The Kathopanishad here emphasizes that realization of the ātman does not come merely through external means, but through sincere seeking and single-pointed devotion to the ātman. When the seeker desires only the ātman, the ātman itself discloses its true form.

Commentary

This text says that though this ātman is hard to know, still it can certainly be known well by proper means. This ātman is not attainable by the study of many Vedas, or by medhā (intelligence, i.e., a retentive memory of the import of books), or by any amount of mere learning. By what then can it be attained is explained. That ātman (self) whom the neophyte seeks, by the same ātman, i.e., by the seeker, can the ātman be known. The meaning is that, of one who seeks only the ātman, being free from desire, the ātman is attained by the ātman alone. How it is attained is explained. To the man who seeks the ātman, the ātman reveals its real form, i.e., its own true nature.

Concept List

ātman
pravacana
medhā
śruti
jijñāsā
svarūpa-prakāśa
vṛṇute