Sloka 4: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 4 ==
== Sloka 4 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
लब्ध्वा कथंचिन्नरजन्म दुर्लभं
लब्ध्वा कथंचिन्नरजन्म दुर्लभं
तत्रापि पुंस्त्वं श्रुतिपारदर्शनम् ।  
तत्रापि पुंस्त्वं श्रुतिपारदर्शनम् ।
यस्त्वात्ममुक्तौ न यतेत मूढधीः
यस्त्वात्ममुक्तौ न यतेत मूढधीः
स ह्यात्महा स्वं विनिहन्त्यसद्ग्रहात् ॥ ४ ॥  
स ह्यात्महा स्वं विनिहन्त्यसद्ग्रहात् ॥ ४ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Below is the detailed analysis of the given Sanskrit śloka:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
लब्ध्वा\
कथंचित्\
नरजन्म\
दुर्लभम्\
तत्र\
अपि\
पुंस्त्वम्\
श्रुतिपारदर्शनम्\
यः\
तु\
आत्म-मुक्तौ\
न\
यतेत\
मूढधीः\
सः\
हि\
आत्महा\
स्वम्\
विनिहन्ति\
असद्ग्रहात्


- **Transliteration:** 
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  Labdhvā kathaṁcin nara-janma durlabhaṁ 
labdhvā kathaṁcin narajanma durlabham\
  Tatrāpi puṁstvaṁ śruti-pāra-darśanam। 
tatrāpi puṁstvaṁ śruti-pāra-darśanam |\
  Yastvātma-muktau na yateta mūḍha-dhīḥ
yastvātma-muktau na yateta mūḍha-dhīḥ\
  Sa hy-ātmahā svaṁ vinihanty-asadgrahāt || 4 ||
sa hyātmahā svaṁ vinihanty asadgrahāt || 4 ||


- **Translation:** 
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  Having somehow attained the rare human birth, and especially the masculinity, and insight into the Vedas, he who, dull-witted, does not strive for self-liberation, indeed kills himself due to clinging to the unreal.
Having somehow obtained the rare human birth, manhood, and the ability to discern the essence of the scriptures, if one does not strive for self-liberation, being deluded, one destroys oneself by holding onto the unreal.


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * **labdhvā** - having obtained
{| class="wikitable"
  * **kathaṁcit** - somehow
|-
  * **nara-janma** - human birth
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * **durlabham** - difficult to obtain, rare
|-
  * **tatra api** - even there
| लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) || having obtained || प्राप्त करके
  * **puṁstvam** - masculinity (also interpreted as strength or capability)
|-
  * **śruti-pāra-darśanam** - insight into the Vedas (śruti refers to the Vedas, pāra-darśanam means seeing across or comprehending)
| कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) || somehow || किसी प्रकार
  * **yaḥ** - he who
|-
  * **tu** - indeed
| नरजन्म (narajanma) || human birth || मनुष्य जन्म
  * **ātma-muktau** - for self-liberation
|-
  * **na yateta** - does not strive
| दुर्लभम् (durlabham) || rare || दुर्लभ
  * **mūḍha-dhīḥ** - dull-witted, foolish
|-
  * **saḥ** - he
| तत्र (tatra) || there || वहाँ
  * **hi** - indeed
|-
  * **ātmahā** - self-killer, one who destroys oneself
| अपि (api) || even || भी
  * **svam** - oneself
|-
  * **vin hanty** - destroys
| पुंस्त्वम् (puṁstvaṁ) || manhood || पुरुषत्व
  * **asadgrahāt** - due to attachment to the unreal
|-
| श्रुति-पार-दर्शनम् (śruti-pāra-darśanam) || ability to understand the essence of the scriptures || श्रुतियों के पार का दर्शन
|-
| यः (yaḥ) || who || जो
|-
| तु (tu) || indeed || वास्तव में
|-
| आत्म-मुक्तौ (ātma-muktau) || for self-liberation || आत्म-मुक्ति के लिए
|-
| न (na) || not || नहीं
|-
| यतेत (yateta) || strive || प्रयास करे
|-
| मूढधीः (mūḍha-dhīḥ) || deluded mind || मूढ़ बुद्धि
|-
| सः (saḥ) || he || वह
|-
| हि (hi) || indeed || निश्चय ही
|-
| आत्महा (ātmahā) || self-destroyer || आत्मघाती
|-
| स्वम् (svam) || oneself || स्वयं को
|-
| विनिहन्ति (vinihanti) || destroys || नष्ट करता है
|-
| असद्ग्रहात् (asadgrahāt) || by holding onto the unreal || असत्य ग्रहण के कारण
|}


- **Commentary:** 
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This śloka emphasizes the rarity and preciousness of human life, underscoring it as a prime opportunity for spiritual progress. Within the larger context of spiritual teachings, it suggests that attaining a human birth is itself a significant karmic blessing. This life, marked as 'durlabham' or rare, provides the potential and capability ('puṁstvam') for spiritual endeavors, aided by the guidance of sacred texts ('śruti-pāra-darśanam').
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| यः || न यतेत || आत्म-मुक्तौ || He who does not strive for self-liberation || जो आत्म-मुक्ति के लिए प्रयास नहीं करता
|-
| सः || विनिहन्ति || स्वम् || He destroys himself || वह स्वयं को नष्ट करता है
|-
| मूढधीः || विनिहन्ति || स्वम् || The deluded destroys himself || मूढ़ बुद्धि स्वयं को नष्ट करती है
|}


  The śloka warns against the folly of wasting this opportunity. A 'mūḍha-dhīḥ', or one bereft of discernment, who does not strive ('na yateta') for 'ātma-muktau' (self-liberation), is likened to committing spiritual suicide ('ātmahā'). The root cause of this negligence is ascribed to 'asadgrahāt', which means a strong attachment to worldly illusions (unreal), causing self-harm by not achieving liberation.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[nara-janma|nara-janma (नरजन्म)]]
* [[ātma-mukti|ātma-mukti (आत्म-मुक्ति)]]
* [[mūḍha-dhī|mūḍha-dhī (मूढधी)]]
* [[asad-graha|asad-graha (असद्ग्रह)]]


  In Vedantic philosophy, this attachment to Maya (illusion) is regarded as the principal barrier to moksha or enlightenment. The commentary implores the seeker to awaken ('na yateta') from ignorance and resort to the wisdom provided by the śruti, aiding one in navigating life's spiritual purpose. Consequently, this śloka serves as both a caution and a motivation for serious spiritual aspirants to recognize and utilize the present life for higher pursuit.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Self-realization
* Human Birth Rarity
* Spiritual Ignorance
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse vividly expresses the preciousness and rarity of human birth, manhood, and intellectual discernment of the *śrutis* (scriptures). It serves as a reminder of the unique opportunity that life presents for attaining *ātma-mukti* (self-liberation). The use of terms such as *ātmahā* (self-destroyer) highlights the severity of not utilizing this chance due to ignorance or adherence to unreal pursuits. The verse stresses the importance of spiritual pursuit over mundane, non-essential attachments, urging one to strive for liberation and not squander the human potential.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 15:37, 7 January 2025

Sloka 4

Sloka (श्लोक)

लब्ध्वा कथंचिन्नरजन्म दुर्लभं
तत्रापि पुंस्त्वं श्रुतिपारदर्शनम् ।
यस्त्वात्ममुक्तौ न यतेत मूढधीः
स ह्यात्महा स्वं विनिहन्त्यसद्ग्रहात् ॥ ४ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

लब्ध्वा\ कथंचित्\ नरजन्म\ दुर्लभम्\ तत्र\ अपि\ पुंस्त्वम्\ श्रुतिपारदर्शनम्\ यः\ तु\ आत्म-मुक्तौ\ न\ यतेत\ मूढधीः\ सः\ हि\ आत्महा\ स्वम्\ विनिहन्ति\ असद्ग्रहात्

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

labdhvā kathaṁcin narajanma durlabham\ tatrāpi puṁstvaṁ śruti-pāra-darśanam |\ yastvātma-muktau na yateta mūḍha-dhīḥ\ sa hyātmahā svaṁ vinihanty asadgrahāt || 4 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

Having somehow obtained the rare human birth, manhood, and the ability to discern the essence of the scriptures, if one does not strive for self-liberation, being deluded, one destroys oneself by holding onto the unreal.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) having obtained प्राप्त करके
कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) somehow किसी प्रकार
नरजन्म (narajanma) human birth मनुष्य जन्म
दुर्लभम् (durlabham) rare दुर्लभ
तत्र (tatra) there वहाँ
अपि (api) even भी
पुंस्त्वम् (puṁstvaṁ) manhood पुरुषत्व
श्रुति-पार-दर्शनम् (śruti-pāra-darśanam) ability to understand the essence of the scriptures श्रुतियों के पार का दर्शन
यः (yaḥ) who जो
तु (tu) indeed वास्तव में
आत्म-मुक्तौ (ātma-muktau) for self-liberation आत्म-मुक्ति के लिए
न (na) not नहीं
यतेत (yateta) strive प्रयास करे
मूढधीः (mūḍha-dhīḥ) deluded mind मूढ़ बुद्धि
सः (saḥ) he वह
हि (hi) indeed निश्चय ही
आत्महा (ātmahā) self-destroyer आत्मघाती
स्वम् (svam) oneself स्वयं को
विनिहन्ति (vinihanti) destroys नष्ट करता है
असद्ग्रहात् (asadgrahāt) by holding onto the unreal असत्य ग्रहण के कारण

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
यः न यतेत आत्म-मुक्तौ He who does not strive for self-liberation जो आत्म-मुक्ति के लिए प्रयास नहीं करता
सः विनिहन्ति स्वम् He destroys himself वह स्वयं को नष्ट करता है
मूढधीः विनिहन्ति स्वम् The deluded destroys himself मूढ़ बुद्धि स्वयं को नष्ट करती है

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Self-realization
  • Human Birth Rarity
  • Spiritual Ignorance

Commentary (टीका)

This verse vividly expresses the preciousness and rarity of human birth, manhood, and intellectual discernment of the *śrutis* (scriptures). It serves as a reminder of the unique opportunity that life presents for attaining *ātma-mukti* (self-liberation). The use of terms such as *ātmahā* (self-destroyer) highlights the severity of not utilizing this chance due to ignorance or adherence to unreal pursuits. The verse stresses the importance of spiritual pursuit over mundane, non-essential attachments, urging one to strive for liberation and not squander the human potential.

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