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== Sloka 2 ==
== Sloka 2 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
जन्तूनां नरजन्म दुर्लभमतः पुंस्त्वं ततो विप्रता
जन्तूनां नरजन्म दुर्लभमतः पुंस्त्वं ततो विप्रता ।
तस्माद्वैदिकधर्ममार्गपरता विद्वत्त्वमस्मात्परम् ।  
तस्माद्वैदिकधर्ममार्गपरता विद्वत्त्वमस्मात्परम् ।  
आत्मानात्मविवेचनं स्वनुभवो ब्रह्मात्मना संस्थितिः
आत्मानात्मविवेचनं स्वनुभवो ब्रह्मात्मना संस्थितिः ।
मुक्तिर्नो शतजन्मकोटिसुकृतैः पुण्यैर्विना लभ्यते ॥ २ ॥  
मुक्तिर्नो शतजन्मकोटिसुकृतैः पुण्यैर्विना लभ्यते ॥ २ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


- **Transliteration:**
  ```
  Jantūnāṃ narajanma durlabhamataḥ puṃstvaṃ tato vipratā
  tasmādvaidikadharmamārgaparatā vidvattvamasmātparam |
  ātmānātmavivecanaṃ svānubhavo brahmātmanā saṃsthitiḥ
  muktirno śatajanmakōṭisukṛtaiḥ puṇyairvinā labhyate || 2 ||
  ```


- **Translation:**
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
  ```
जन्तूनाम् नर-जन्म दुर्लभम्\
  Among creatures, human birth is rare, more so is manhood; after that, Brahminhood; superior to that is steadfastness in the path of Vedic Dharma; above that is erudition; above all is discrimination between the Self and the non-Self, direct spiritual experience, and establishment in Brahman. Liberation cannot be attained without meritorious deeds accumulated over hundreds of millions of lives.
अतः पुंस्त्वं तः विप्रता\
  ```
तस्मात् वैदिक-धर्म-मार्ग-परता विद्वत्त्वम् अस्मात् परम्\
आत्म-अनात्म-विवेचनं स्व-अनुभवः ब्रह्म-आत्मना संस्थितिः\
मुक्तिः नः शत-जन्म-कोटि-सुकृतैः पुण्यैः विना लभ्यते


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  * जन्तूनाम् (jantūnām) - among creatures
jantūnāṁ nara-janma durlabham\
  * नरजन्म (narajanma) - human birth
ataḥ puṁstavaṁ tato vipratā\
  * दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - rare
tasmād vaidika-dharma-mārga-paratā vidvattvam asmāt param\
  * अतः (ataḥ) - hence
ātma-anātma-vivecanaṁ sva-anubhavo brahmātmanā saṁsthitiḥ\
  * पुंस्त्वम् (puṃstvam) - manhood
muktiḥ no śata-janma-koṭi-sukṛtaiḥ puṇyaiḥ vinā labhyate
  * ततः (tataḥ) - then
  * विप्रता (vipratā) - Brahminhood
  * तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that
  * वैदिकधर्ममार्गपरता (vaidikadharmamārgaparatā) - steadfastness in the path of Vedic Dharma
  * विद्वत्त्वम् (vidvattvam) - erudition
  * अस्मात् (asmāt) - above this
  * परम् (param) - superior
  * आत्मानात्मविवेचनं (ātmānātmavivecanaṃ) - discrimination between Self and non-Self
  * स्वानुभवः (svānubhavaḥ) - direct experience
  * ब्रह्मात्मना (brahmātmanā) - by the identity with Brahman
  * संस्थितिः (saṃsthitiḥ) - establishment
  * मुक्तिः (muktiḥ) - liberation
  * न (na) - not
  * शतजन्मकोटिसुकृतैः (śatajanmakōṭisukṛtaiḥ) - by meritorious deeds of hundreds of millions of births
  * पुण्यैः (puṇyaiḥ) - by merits
  * विना (vinā) - without
  * लभ्यते (labhyate) - attained


- **Commentary:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  This verse provides a profound insight into the hierarchy of spiritual evolution and existence. It begins by acknowledging the rarity of obtaining a human birth among all life forms, signifying its unique capability for spiritual pursuits. This rarity is further compounded by the excellence of being a male (puṃstvam), which in the traditional context, indicates greater opportunities for Vedic studies and spiritual duties.
Liberation is not attained without countless virtuous deeds, such as discerning the self from the non-self, self-experience, and abiding in the Self as Brahman.


  Brahminhood (vipratā) here is symbolic of a revered path oriented towards Vedic wisdom and duty. However, the verse stresses that merely possessing such birth attributes isn't enough; what elevates an individual spiritually is their dedication (vaidikadharmamārgaparatā) to the path of righteousness as prescribed in the Vedic scriptures.
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| जन्तूनाम् (jantūnām) || of beings || प्राणियों का
|-
| नर-जन्म (nara-janma) || human birth || मनुष्य का जन्म
|-
| दुर्लभम् (durlabham) || rare || दुर्लभ है
|-
| अतः (ataḥ) || hence || इसलिए
|-
| पुंस्त्वं (puṁstavaṁ) || masculinity || पुरुषत्व
|-
| ततो (tato) || thereafter || उसके बाद
|-
| विप्रता (vipratā) || being a learned person || ब्राह्मणता
|-
| तस्मात् (tasmāt) || therefore || इसलिए
|-
| वैदिक-धर्म-मार्ग-परता (vaidika-dharma-mārga-paratā) || adherence to the Vedic path || वैदिक धर्म के मार्ग में प्रवृत्ति
|-
| विद्वत्त्वम् (vidvattvam) || learning || विद्वत्ता
|-
| अस्मात् (asmāt) || from this || इससे
|-
| परम् (param) || higher || श्रेष्ठ
|-
| आत्म-अनात्म-विवेचनं (ātma-anātma-vivecanaṁ) || discernment of self and non-self || आत्मा और अनात्मा का विवेचन
|-
| स्व-अनुभवः (sva-anubhavaḥ) || self-experience || स्वयं का अनुभव
|-
| ब्रह्म-आत्मना (brahmātmanā) || in the state of being Brahman || ब्रह्म रूप में
|-
| संस्थितिः (saṁsthitiḥ) || establishment || स्थिति
|-
| मुक्तिः (muktiḥ) || liberation || मुक्ति
|-
| नः (naḥ) || not || नहीं
|-
| शत-जन्म-कोटि-सुकृतैः (śata-janma-koṭi-sukṛtaiḥ) || by meritorious deeds of hundreds of crores of births || सौ करोड़ जन्मों के पुण्य कर्मों से
|-
| पुण्यैः (puṇyaiḥ) || by virtuous acts || पुण्यों के द्वारा
|-
| विना (vinā) || without || बिना
|-
| लभ्यते (labhyate) || is obtained || प्राप्त होती है
|}


  Beyond adherence to Dharma, the sloka highlights the importance of 'vidvattvam' or learning. Education in this context implies not just rote learning but an internalization of wisdom that facilitates viveka (discrimination between the transient and the eternal). This discrimination forms the bedrock of spiritual practice.
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| मुक्तिः || लभ्यते || पुण्यैः विनाह || Liberation is not obtained without virtues. || मुक्ति पुण्य के बिना प्राप्त नहीं होती।
|-
| आत्म-अनात्मविवेचनं || आवश्यक || मुक्तिः || Discernment of self and non-self is necessary for liberation. || आत्मा और अनात्मा का विवेचन मुक्ति के लिए आवश्यक है।
|}


  Further, true knowledge culminates in 'svānubhava' (direct experience) and 'brahmātmanā saṃsthitiḥ'—abiding in the awareness of one's unity with Brahman, the ultimate reality. The achievement of moksha, or liberation, the passage declares, is not trivial. It is not the outcome of happenstance but the accrual of merits over innumerable lifetimes, shaping the seeker’s inner faculties for this transformative realization.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[durlabha|durlabha (दुर्लभ)]]
* [[vipratā|vipratā (विप्रता)]]
* [[ātma-anātma-vivecana|ātma-anātma-vivecana (आत्म-अनात्म-विवेचन)]]
* [[mukti|mukti (मुक्ति)]]


  This verse, thus, delineates an aspirant’s progression from gross physical existence to the subtle heights of spiritual enlightenment, emphasizing that sincere effort and divine grace together lead to liberation.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Liberation
* Self-Realization
* Spiritual Path
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This sloka underscores the rarity and preciousness of a human birth, especially a life that allows spiritual pursuit. It emphasizes the gradual evolution from mere human existence towards higher spiritual development through qualities such as masculinity, being learned (''vipratā''), adherence to Vedic paths, and cultivating wisdom. True liberation or ''mukti'' is highlighted as the ultimate goal, which requires discernment of the self from the non-self (''ātma-anātma-vivecana'') and experiential realization of one's unity with ''Brahman''. These elements are unattainable without immense accumulation of virtuous deeds over countless lifetimes.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 15:37, 7 January 2025

Sloka 2

Sloka (श्लोक)

जन्तूनां नरजन्म दुर्लभमतः पुंस्त्वं ततो विप्रता ।
तस्माद्वैदिकधर्ममार्गपरता विद्वत्त्वमस्मात्परम् । 
आत्मानात्मविवेचनं स्वनुभवो ब्रह्मात्मना संस्थितिः ।
मुक्तिर्नो शतजन्मकोटिसुकृतैः पुण्यैर्विना लभ्यते ॥ २ ॥


पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

जन्तूनाम् नर-जन्म दुर्लभम्\ अतः पुंस्त्वं तः विप्रता\ तस्मात् वैदिक-धर्म-मार्ग-परता विद्वत्त्वम् अस्मात् परम्\ आत्म-अनात्म-विवेचनं स्व-अनुभवः ब्रह्म-आत्मना संस्थितिः\ मुक्तिः नः शत-जन्म-कोटि-सुकृतैः पुण्यैः विना लभ्यते

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

jantūnāṁ nara-janma durlabham\ ataḥ puṁstavaṁ tato vipratā\ tasmād vaidika-dharma-mārga-paratā vidvattvam asmāt param\ ātma-anātma-vivecanaṁ sva-anubhavo brahmātmanā saṁsthitiḥ\ muktiḥ no śata-janma-koṭi-sukṛtaiḥ puṇyaiḥ vinā labhyate

Translation (अनुवाद)

Liberation is not attained without countless virtuous deeds, such as discerning the self from the non-self, self-experience, and abiding in the Self as Brahman.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
जन्तूनाम् (jantūnām) of beings प्राणियों का
नर-जन्म (nara-janma) human birth मनुष्य का जन्म
दुर्लभम् (durlabham) rare दुर्लभ है
अतः (ataḥ) hence इसलिए
पुंस्त्वं (puṁstavaṁ) masculinity पुरुषत्व
ततो (tato) thereafter उसके बाद
विप्रता (vipratā) being a learned person ब्राह्मणता
तस्मात् (tasmāt) therefore इसलिए
वैदिक-धर्म-मार्ग-परता (vaidika-dharma-mārga-paratā) adherence to the Vedic path वैदिक धर्म के मार्ग में प्रवृत्ति
विद्वत्त्वम् (vidvattvam) learning विद्वत्ता
अस्मात् (asmāt) from this इससे
परम् (param) higher श्रेष्ठ
आत्म-अनात्म-विवेचनं (ātma-anātma-vivecanaṁ) discernment of self and non-self आत्मा और अनात्मा का विवेचन
स्व-अनुभवः (sva-anubhavaḥ) self-experience स्वयं का अनुभव
ब्रह्म-आत्मना (brahmātmanā) in the state of being Brahman ब्रह्म रूप में
संस्थितिः (saṁsthitiḥ) establishment स्थिति
मुक्तिः (muktiḥ) liberation मुक्ति
नः (naḥ) not नहीं
शत-जन्म-कोटि-सुकृतैः (śata-janma-koṭi-sukṛtaiḥ) by meritorious deeds of hundreds of crores of births सौ करोड़ जन्मों के पुण्य कर्मों से
पुण्यैः (puṇyaiḥ) by virtuous acts पुण्यों के द्वारा
विना (vinā) without बिना
लभ्यते (labhyate) is obtained प्राप्त होती है

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
मुक्तिः लभ्यते पुण्यैः विनाह Liberation is not obtained without virtues. मुक्ति पुण्य के बिना प्राप्त नहीं होती।
आत्म-अनात्मविवेचनं आवश्यक मुक्तिः Discernment of self and non-self is necessary for liberation. आत्मा और अनात्मा का विवेचन मुक्ति के लिए आवश्यक है।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Liberation
  • Self-Realization
  • Spiritual Path

Commentary (टीका)

This sloka underscores the rarity and preciousness of a human birth, especially a life that allows spiritual pursuit. It emphasizes the gradual evolution from mere human existence towards higher spiritual development through qualities such as masculinity, being learned (vipratā), adherence to Vedic paths, and cultivating wisdom. True liberation or mukti is highlighted as the ultimate goal, which requires discernment of the self from the non-self (ātma-anātma-vivecana) and experiential realization of one's unity with Brahman. These elements are unattainable without immense accumulation of virtuous deeds over countless lifetimes.

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