Sutra 2 1 44: Difference between revisions

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=== English ===
=== English ===
This sūtra states that the acceptance or apprehension of something can be justified on both grounds: as something already accomplished (kṛtatā) and as something obligatory (kartavyatā), based on logical reasoning. In other words, the recognition or acceptance of an act or object is valid both from the perspective of it being already done and from the perspective of it being a duty, as supported by logical justification.
This sūtra states that the acceptance or apprehension of something can be justified on both grounds: as something already accomplished (kṛtatā) and as something obligatory (kartavyatā), based on logical reasoning. In other words, the recognition or acceptance of an act or object is valid both from the perspective of it being already done and from the perspective of it being a duty, as supported by logical justification.
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Latest revision as of 14:03, 16 May 2025

Sutra 2_1_44

Original Text:

कृतताकर्तव्यतोपपत्तेस्तूभयथा ग्रहणम्

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term Transliteration Hindi Meaning English Meaning
कृत kṛta किया – जो पहले किया गया है accomplished; already performed ता होने की अवस्था – किसी गुण या दशा का होना state of being; -ness (suffix indicating state) कर्तव्यत: kartavyataḥ कर्तव्य के कारण – जो करना आवश्यक है due to obligation; from the standpoint of duty उपपत्तेः upapatteḥ प्रमाण के कारण – प्रमाण या तर्क से due to justification; from reasoning or logical ground तु tu परन्तु – किन्तु, लेकिन but; however उभयथा ubhayathā दोनों प्रकार से – दोनों दृष्टियों से in both ways; from both perspectives ग्रहणम् grahaṇam ग्रहण करना – स्वीकार करना, लेना acceptance; apprehension; taking

Concept List

  • कृतता (kṛtatā) – state of being accomplished
  • कर्तव्यता (kartavyatā) – state of being obligatory
  • उपपत्ति (upapatti) – logical justification
  • उभयथा ग्रहण (ubhayathā grahaṇa) – acceptance in both ways

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

  • कृतता – is justified by – उपपत्ति
  • कर्तव्यता – is justified by – उपपत्ति
  • ग्रहण – occurs in – कृतता
  • ग्रहण – occurs in – कर्तव्यता

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S) संबंध (V) वस्तु (O)
कृतता प्रमाणित होती है उपपत्ति
कर्तव्यता प्रमाणित होती है उपपत्ति
ग्रहण होता है कृतता
ग्रहण होता है कर्तव्यता

English

Subject (S) Relation (V) Object (O)
Accomplished-ness (kṛtatā) is justified by logical justification (upapatti)
Obligatoriness (kartavyatā) is justified by logical justification (upapatti)
Acceptance (grahaṇa) occurs in accomplished-ness (kṛtatā)
Acceptance (grahaṇa) occurs in obligatoriness (kartavyatā)

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि किसी वस्तु के ग्रहण (स्वीकार) को दोनों दृष्टियों से – अर्थात्, जो पहले किया जा चुका है (कृतता) और जो करना आवश्यक है (कर्तव्यता) – तर्क या प्रमाण के आधार पर स्वीकार किया जाता है। इसका अर्थ है कि किसी कार्य या वस्तु की स्वीकृति केवल उसके किए जाने या कर्तव्य होने के कारण नहीं, बल्कि दोनों ही स्थितियों में तर्कसंगत रूप से संभव है।

English

This sūtra states that the acceptance or apprehension of something can be justified on both grounds: as something already accomplished (kṛtatā) and as something obligatory (kartavyatā), based on logical reasoning. In other words, the recognition or acceptance of an act or object is valid both from the perspective of it being already done and from the perspective of it being a duty, as supported by logical justification.


No Concept