Sutra 2 1 31: Difference between revisions
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=== English === | === English === | ||
This sūtra states that perception (direct sensory knowledge) and inference (reasoned knowledge) – when one apprehends even a part of an object, it leads to the cognition or knowledge of that object. In other words, grasping a part of something through perception or inference can be sufficient for attaining knowledge of the whole. | This sūtra states that perception (direct sensory knowledge) and inference (reasoned knowledge) – when one apprehends even a part of an object, it leads to the cognition or knowledge of that object. In other words, grasping a part of something through perception or inference can be sufficient for attaining knowledge of the whole. | ||
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==== <big>Edited Concept List</big> ==== | |||
*प्रत्यक्ष (pratyakṣa) – perception | |||
*अनुमान (anumāna) – inference | |||
* उपलब्धि (upalabdhi) – cognition/attainment | |||
Latest revision as of 15:00, 15 May 2025
Sutra 2_1_31
Original Text:
प्रत्यक्षमनुमानमेकदेशग्रहणादुपलब्धेः
Word-by-Word Breakdown
| Sanskrit Term | Transliteration | Hindi Meaning | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रत्यक्षम् | pratyakṣam | प्रत्यक्ष – इन्द्रियों द्वारा सीधा अनुभव | perception – direct cognition through the senses |
| अनुमानम् | anumānam | अनुमान – तर्क द्वारा निष्कर्ष | inference – knowledge derived through reasoning |
| एकदेशग्रहणात् | ekadeśagrahaṇāt | एकदेशग्रहण से – किसी वस्तु के एक भाग के ग्रहण से | from apprehension of a part – by grasping a part of something |
| उपलब्धेः | upalabdheḥ | उपलब्धि की – किसी वस्तु की प्राप्ति या ज्ञान की | of cognition – of obtaining or knowing an object |
Concept List
- प्रत्यक्ष (pratyakṣa) – perception
- अनुमान (anumāna) – inference
- एकदेशग्रहण (ekadeśagrahaṇa) – apprehension of a part
- उपलब्धि (upalabdhi) – cognition/attainment
Subject–Verb–Object Triples
- perception enables cognition
- inference enables cognition
- apprehension of a part leads to cognition
Triple Tables
Hindi
| विषय (S) | संबंध (V) | वस्तु (O) |
|---|---|---|
| प्रत्यक्ष | उपलब्धि को संभव बनाता है | उपलब्धि |
| अनुमान | उपलब्धि को संभव बनाता है | उपलब्धि |
| एकदेशग्रहण | उपलब्धि की ओर ले जाता है | उपलब्धि |
English
| Subject (S) | Relation (V) | Object (O) |
|---|---|---|
| perception | enables | cognition |
| inference | enables | cognition |
| apprehension of a part | leads to | cognition |
Translation/Explanation
Hindi
इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि प्रत्यक्ष (सीधा अनुभव) और अनुमान (तर्क द्वारा ज्ञान) – जब किसी वस्तु के किसी एक भाग का ग्रहण किया जाता है, तब उससे उस वस्तु की उपलब्धि या ज्ञान संभव होता है। अर्थात्, किसी वस्तु के सम्पूर्ण ज्ञान के लिए उसके किसी एक अंश का भी अनुभव या तर्क पर्याप्त हो सकता है।
English
This sūtra states that perception (direct sensory knowledge) and inference (reasoned knowledge) – when one apprehends even a part of an object, it leads to the cognition or knowledge of that object. In other words, grasping a part of something through perception or inference can be sufficient for attaining knowledge of the whole.
Edited Concept List
- प्रत्यक्ष (pratyakṣa) – perception
- अनुमान (anumāna) – inference
- उपलब्धि (upalabdhi) – cognition/attainment