Sutra 1 1 34: Difference between revisions

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=== English ===
=== English ===
This sūtra states that when there is similarity between the probandum (that which is to be established) and the means of proof, the example serves as a logical reason. In other words, an example becomes a valid ground for inference when it shares relevant characteristics with what is to be established.
This sūtra states that when there is similarity between the probandum (that which is to be established) and the means of proof, the example serves as a logical reason. In other words, an example becomes a valid ground for inference when it shares relevant characteristics with what is to be established.
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==== <big>Edited Concept List</big> ====
*उदाहरण (example)
*साधर्म्य (similarity)
*साध्य (probandum)
*साधन (means of proof)
* हेतुः (reason)

Latest revision as of 15:30, 26 April 2025

Sutra 1_1_34

Original Text:

उदाहरणसाधर्म्यात्साध्यसाधनं हेतुः

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term Transliteration Hindi Meaning English Meaning
उदाहरण udāharaṇa उदाहरण – किसी वस्तु या घटना का दृष्टांत example; an illustrative instance
साधर्म्यात् sādharmyāt समानता के कारण – गुण या स्वभाव में समानता के आधार पर due to similarity; by virtue of shared characteristics
साध्य sādhyā सिद्ध्य होने वाला – वह तत्व जिसे प्रमाणित करना है probandum; that which is to be established
साधनम् sādhanam प्रमाण का साधन – वह माध्यम जिससे सिद्धि होती है means of proof; instrument for establishing
हेतुः hetuḥ कारण – तर्क में प्रमाण या कारण reason; logical ground or cause

Concept List

  • उदाहरण (example)
  • साधर्म्य (similarity)
  • साध्य (probandum)
  • साधन (means of proof)
  • हेतुः (reason)

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

  • Example (उदाहरण) — establishes by similarity (साधर्म्यात्) — means of proof for probandum (साध्यसाधनं)
  • Similarity (साधर्म्य) — provides basis for (साधनं) — logical reason (हेतुः)

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S) संबंध (V) वस्तु (O)
उदाहरण समानता के द्वारा स्थापित करता है प्रमाण के साधन का साध्य
समानता आधार प्रदान करता है तर्क का कारण

English

Subject (S) Relation (V) Object (O)
Example establishes by similarity means of proof for probandum
Similarity provides basis for logical reason

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि जब किसी उदाहरण में साध्य (जिसे सिद्ध करना है) और साधन (जिससे सिद्ध किया जाता है) के बीच समानता होती है, तो वह उदाहरण तर्क का कारण या प्रमाण बन जाता है। अर्थात्, समान गुणों के आधार पर उदाहरण को प्रमाण के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया जाता है।

English

This sūtra states that when there is similarity between the probandum (that which is to be established) and the means of proof, the example serves as a logical reason. In other words, an example becomes a valid ground for inference when it shares relevant characteristics with what is to be established.


Edited Concept List

  • उदाहरण (example)
  • साधर्म्य (similarity)
  • साध्य (probandum)
  • साधन (means of proof)
  • हेतुः (reason)