Sloka 122: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 122 ==
== Sloka 122 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
अथ ते संप्रवक्ष्यामि स्वरूपं परमात्मनः ।  
देहेन्द्रियप्राणमनोऽहमादयः
यद्विज्ञाय नरो बन्धान्मुक्तः कैवल्यमश्नुते ॥ १२४ ॥  
सर्वे विकारा विषयाः सुखादयः ।
व्योमादिभूतान्यखिलं न विश्वं
अव्यक्तपर्यन्तमिदं ह्यनात्मा ॥ १२२ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


- **Transliteration:**
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
  atha te saṁpravakṣyāmi svarūpaṁ paramātmanaḥ |
देहेन्द्रिय-प्राण-मनः-अहम-आदयः<br />
  yad vijñāya naro bandhān muktaḥ kaivalyam aśnute || 124 ||
सर्वे विकाराः विषयाः सुख-आदयः ।<br />
व्योम-आदि-भूतानि-अखिलं न विश्वं<br />
अव्यक्त-पर्यन्तम्-इदं हि-अनात्मा ॥
 
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
dehendriya-prāṇa-mano'ham-ādayaḥ<br />
sarve vikārā viṣayāḥ sukhādayaḥ |<br />
vyoma-ādi-bhūtāni-akhilaṁ na viśvaṁ<br />
avyakta-paryantam-idaṁ hy-anātmā || 122 ||


- **Translation:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  Now I shall explain to you the true nature of the Supreme Self, knowing which a person is liberated from bondage and attains ultimate oneness.
The body, senses, life-energy, mind, ego, changes, objects, pleasure and pain, the elements starting from space, everything up to the unmanifest are non-self.


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * atha - now
{| class="wikitable"
  * te - to you
|-
  * saṁpravakṣyāmi - I shall explain
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * svarūpaṁ - true nature
|-
  * paramātmanaḥ - of the Supreme Self
| देहेन्द्रिय (dehendriya) || body and senses || शरीर और इन्द्रियाँ
  * yat - which
|-
  * vijñāya - knowing
| प्राण (prāṇa) || life-energy || प्राण
  * naraḥ - a person
|-
  * bandhān - from bondage
| मनः (manaḥ) || mind || मन
  * muktaḥ - liberated
|-
  * kaivalyam - oneness; ultimate liberation
| अहम् (aham) || ego || अहंकार
  * aśnute - attains
|-
| आदयः (ādayaḥ) || and so on || आदि
|-
| सर्वे (sarve) || all || सभी
|-
| विकाराः (vikārāḥ) || modifications || विकार
|-
| विषयाः (viṣayāḥ) || objects || विषय
|-
| सुखादयः (sukhādayaḥ) || pleasure and others || सुख आदि
|-
| व्योम (vyoma) || space || आकाश
|-
| आदि (ādi) || and beginning || और आदि
|-
| भूतानि (bhūtāni) || elements || भूत
|-
| अखिलं (akhilaṁ) || everything || संपूर्ण
|-
| न (na) || not || नहीं
|-
| विश्वं (viśvaṁ) || universe || विश्व
|-
| अव्यक्त (avyakta) || unmanifest || अव्यक्त
|-
| पर्यन्तम् (paryantam) || up to || तक
|-
| इदं (idaṁ) || this || यह
|-
| हि (hi) || indeed || वास्तव में
|-
| अनात्मा (anātmā) || non-self || अनात्मा
|}


- **Commentary:**
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This sloka underlines a pivotal teaching in Vedantic philosophy that understanding the true nature of the Supreme Self (paramātman) is the key to liberation. The term "svarūpa" refers to the intrinsic nature or essence, suggesting that the essence of the Supreme Self is something to be realized rather than something external to be acquired. The phrase "yat vijñāya" signifies that this knowledge is experiential and transformative, implying a realization that transcends intellectual understanding.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| इदं || हि || अनात्मा || This indeed is non-self. || यह वास्तव में अनात्मा है।
|-
| सर्वे विकाराः || न || आत्मा || All modifications are not self. || सभी विकार आत्मा नहीं हैं।
|-
| अखिलं || न || आत्मा || Everything is not the self. || संपूर्ण आत्मा नहीं है।
|}


  Liberation, or "moksha," is described here as freedom from "bandha" or bondage, often interpreted as the cycle of birth and death, karma, and ignorance. The ultimate state of "kaivalya" represents isolation from all forms of suffering and the attainment of oneness with the Supreme. This verse encapsulates the core objective of many spiritual practices in Vedanta, where the seeker aspires to realize their inherent unity with the Supreme Self, thus attaining eternal peace and liberation.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[anātma|anātma (अनात्मा)]]
* [[vikāra|vikāra (विकार)]]
* [[vyoma|vyoma (व्योम)]]
* [[avyakta|avyakta (अव्यक्त)]]


  The promise of freedom as described in this sloka emphasizes the transformative potential of self-knowledge, highlighting that understanding one's own true nature is sufficient to dissolve all limitations and attain a state of complete liberation.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Non-Self
* Vedantic Analysis
* Discrimination
* Knowledge
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse emphasizes the Vedantic teaching of distinguishing the 'self' from the 'non-self' (''anātma''). It lists the body, mind, and all worldly elements up to the ''avyakta'' (unmanifest) as not being the ''ātman'' or self. The teaching insists on recognizing that all these are transient and constantly changing, thus falling under the category of ''vikāra'' (modification). The enumerated lists point to objects, pleasures, and existential phenomena that, while real in experience, do not constitute the true self which is beyond name and form. This discrimination (''viveka'') is central to the pursuit of liberation (''mokṣa'').


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Revision as of 16:16, 7 January 2025

Sloka 122

Sloka (श्लोक)

देहेन्द्रियप्राणमनोऽहमादयः
सर्वे विकारा विषयाः सुखादयः ।
व्योमादिभूतान्यखिलं न विश्वं
अव्यक्तपर्यन्तमिदं ह्यनात्मा ॥ १२२ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

देहेन्द्रिय-प्राण-मनः-अहम-आदयः
सर्वे विकाराः विषयाः सुख-आदयः ।
व्योम-आदि-भूतानि-अखिलं न विश्वं
अव्यक्त-पर्यन्तम्-इदं हि-अनात्मा ॥

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

dehendriya-prāṇa-mano'ham-ādayaḥ
sarve vikārā viṣayāḥ sukhādayaḥ |
vyoma-ādi-bhūtāni-akhilaṁ na viśvaṁ
avyakta-paryantam-idaṁ hy-anātmā || 122 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

The body, senses, life-energy, mind, ego, changes, objects, pleasure and pain, the elements starting from space, everything up to the unmanifest are non-self.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
देहेन्द्रिय (dehendriya) body and senses शरीर और इन्द्रियाँ
प्राण (prāṇa) life-energy प्राण
मनः (manaḥ) mind मन
अहम् (aham) ego अहंकार
आदयः (ādayaḥ) and so on आदि
सर्वे (sarve) all सभी
विकाराः (vikārāḥ) modifications विकार
विषयाः (viṣayāḥ) objects विषय
सुखादयः (sukhādayaḥ) pleasure and others सुख आदि
व्योम (vyoma) space आकाश
आदि (ādi) and beginning और आदि
भूतानि (bhūtāni) elements भूत
अखिलं (akhilaṁ) everything संपूर्ण
न (na) not नहीं
विश्वं (viśvaṁ) universe विश्व
अव्यक्त (avyakta) unmanifest अव्यक्त
पर्यन्तम् (paryantam) up to तक
इदं (idaṁ) this यह
हि (hi) indeed वास्तव में
अनात्मा (anātmā) non-self अनात्मा

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
इदं हि अनात्मा This indeed is non-self. यह वास्तव में अनात्मा है।
सर्वे विकाराः न आत्मा All modifications are not self. सभी विकार आत्मा नहीं हैं।
अखिलं न आत्मा Everything is not the self. संपूर्ण आत्मा नहीं है।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Non-Self
  • Vedantic Analysis
  • Discrimination
  • Knowledge

Commentary (टीका)

This verse emphasizes the Vedantic teaching of distinguishing the 'self' from the 'non-self' (anātma). It lists the body, mind, and all worldly elements up to the avyakta (unmanifest) as not being the ātman or self. The teaching insists on recognizing that all these are transient and constantly changing, thus falling under the category of vikāra (modification). The enumerated lists point to objects, pleasures, and existential phenomena that, while real in experience, do not constitute the true self which is beyond name and form. This discrimination (viveka) is central to the pursuit of liberation (mokṣa).

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