Sloka 91: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 91 ==
== Sloka 91 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
स्थूलस्य संभवजरामरणानि धर्माः
स्थूलस्य संभवजरामरणानि धर्माः
स्थौल्यादयो बहुविधाः शिशुताद्यवस्थाः ।  
स्थौल्यादयो बहुविधाः शिशुताद्यवस्थाः ।
वर्णाश्रमादिनियमा बहुधामयाः स्युः
वर्णाश्रमादिनियमा बहुधामयाः स्युः
पूजावमानबहुमानमुखा विशेषाः ॥ ९१ ॥  
पूजावमानबहुमानमुखा विशेषाः ॥ ९१ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Here's a detailed breakdown for the given sloka:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
स्थूलस्य संभव-जरा-मरणानि धर्माः<br />
स्थौल्य-आदयः बहुविधाः शिशुत-आदि-अवस्थाः ।<br />
वर्ण-आश्रम-आदि-नियमा बहुधा-आमयाः स्युः<br />
पूजा-उपमान-बहु-मान-मुखाः विशेषाः ॥


- **Transliteration:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  ```
sthūlasya sambhava-jarā-maraṇāni dharmāḥ<br />
  sthūlasya saṁbhavajarāmaraṇāni dharmāḥ
sthaulya-ādayaḥ bahuvidhāḥ śiśutādi-avasthāḥ |<br />
  sthaulyādayo bahuvidhāḥ śiśutādyavasthāḥ |
varṇa-āśrama-ādi-niyamā bahudhā-amayāḥ syuḥ<br />
  varṇāśramādiniyamā bahudhāmayāḥ syuḥ
pūjā-avamāna-bahu-māna-mukhā viśeṣāḥ || 91 ||
  pūjāvamāna-bahumāna-mukhā viśeṣāḥ || 91 ||
  ```


- **Translation:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  The bodily existence is subject to birth, old age, and death. Various conditions such as childhood, etc., arise from physicality. Relative to the roles in society like the different stages and castes, numerous rules are observed. The distinctions rooted in respect, insult, and honor are among many.
The characteristics of the gross body include its birth, aging, and death, along with various stages like childhood and adulthood; governed by numerous rules of caste and stage of life, and distinctions marked by respect and disrespect.


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * **sthūlasya** - of the gross body
{| class="wikitable"
  * **saṁbhava** - birth
|-
  * **jarā** - old age
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * **maraṇāni** - death
|-
  * **dharmāḥ** - characteristics, duties
| स्थूलस्य (sthūlasya) || of the gross body || स्थूल शरीर के
  * **sthaulya-ādayaḥ** - physicality and the like
|-
  * **bahuvidhāḥ** - various
| संभव (sambhava) || birth || जन्म
  * **śiśutā-ādi-avasthāḥ** - conditions such as childhood and so on
|-
  * **varṇa-āśrama-ādi** - pertaining to the classes and stages of life
| जरा (jarā) || aging || वृद्धावस्था
  * **niyamāḥ** - regulations, rules
|-
  * **bahudhā** - manifold, numerous
| मरणानि (maraṇāni) || death || मृत्यु
  * **amayaḥ** - relative to
|-
  * **syuḥ** - are
| धर्माः (dharmāḥ) || characteristics || विशेषताएँ
  * **pūjā** - respect
|-
  * **avamāna** - insult
| स्थौल्यादयः (sthaulya-ādayaḥ) || obesity, etc. || स्थुलता आदि
  * **bahumāna** - honor
|-
  * **mukhāḥ** - beginnings, arising from
| बहुविधाः (bahuvidhāḥ) || various || कई प्रकार के
  * **viśeṣāḥ** - distinctions, specific differences
|-
| शिशुताद्यवस्थाः (śiśutādi-avasthāḥ) || stages like childhood || बाल्यावस्था आदि की अवस्थाएँ
|-
| वर्णाश्रमादिनियमा (varṇa-āśrama-ādi-niyamā) || rules of caste and stage of life || वर्णाश्रम आदि के नियम
|-
| बहुधामयाः (bahudhā-amayāḥ) || numerous entanglements || कई प्रकार के बंधन
|-
| स्युः (syuḥ) || be || होते हैं
|-
| पूजावमानबहुमानमुखाः (pūjā-avamanā-bahu-māna-mukhāḥ) || marked by respect, disrespect, and honor || पूजनीय, अपमान एवं मान से मुख वाले
|-
| विशेषाः (viśeṣāḥ) || distinctions || विशेषताएँ
|}


- **Commentary:**
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This verse reflects on the transient nature of the physical existence and the various social frameworks that govern human life. The gross body (sthūlasya) is described as being bound by the inevitable cycle of birth, aging, and death, phenomena that are integral aspects of this physical realm. Each stage of life, from childhood through old age, introduces its own set of conditions and experiences, further emphasizing the impermanence and change inherent in bodily existence.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| स्थूलस्य धर्माः || स्युः || संभाव-जरा-मरणानि || Characteristics of the gross body are birth, aging, and death. || स्थूल शरीर की विशेषताएँ जन्म, वृद्धावस्था, और मृत्यु हैं।
|-
| अवस्थाः || स्युः || शिशुताद्य || Stages of life are childhood, etc. || जीवन की अवस्थाएँ बाल्यावस्था आदि हैं।
|-
| नियमा || स्युः || वर्णाश्रमादि || Rules are caste and stage of life. || नियम वर्णाश्रम आदि हैं।
|-
| विशेषाः || स्युः || पूजावमानबहुमानमुखाः || Distinctions are respect and disrespect. || विशेषताएँ पूजनीय और अपमानजनक हैं।
|}


  The mention of **varṇa-āśrama**, referring to the socio-religious order, highlights the significance of adhering to one's roles and duties based on class and stage of life. This organizational framework aims to provide structure and meaning within the impermanent nature of the material world.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[dharmāḥ|dharmāḥ (धर्माः)]]
* [[sthūlaśarīra|sthūlaśarīra (स्थूल शरीर)]]
* [[varṇa-āśrama|varṇa-āśrama (वर्णाश्रम)]]
* [[saṁsāra|saṁsāra (संसार)]]


  The verse then alludes to the subjective experiences of respect, insult, and honor, emphasizing the social nuances and expectations that accompany these transient states. These distinctions arise due to the interaction of the body with external society and reveal how perception and societal values impact one's experiences.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Gross Body
* Philosophical Concepts
* Life Stages
* Social Structures


  The verse serves as a reminder of the ephemeral nature of life and the importance of understanding one's purpose beyond the physical self and societal constraints. It subtly encourages reflection on deeper truths and an exploration of one's dharma, or duty, beyond the physical and social limitations. This perspective aligns with Vedantic beliefs that the ultimate goal is to transcend the physical realm and realize the eternal self or Ātman.
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse delves into the characteristics and phases associated with the gross physical body (*sthūlaśarīra*). It highlights the inevitable life events like birth, aging, and death, while also mentioning the various life stages such as childhood. The verse emphasizes the social and spiritual frameworks, such as *varṇa* and *āśrama*, which dictate norms and responsibilities in an individual's life. Additionally, it brings out the social distinctions and dualities exemplified by respect, disrespect, and honor, underscoring the entangled existence within the material world (*saṁsāra*). The verse serves as a reminder of the impermanent and complex nature of human life, governed by social rules and marked by various phases and experiences.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 16:06, 7 January 2025

Sloka 91

Sloka (श्लोक)

स्थूलस्य संभवजरामरणानि धर्माः
स्थौल्यादयो बहुविधाः शिशुताद्यवस्थाः ।
वर्णाश्रमादिनियमा बहुधामयाः स्युः
पूजावमानबहुमानमुखा विशेषाः ॥ ९१ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

स्थूलस्य संभव-जरा-मरणानि धर्माः
स्थौल्य-आदयः बहुविधाः शिशुत-आदि-अवस्थाः ।
वर्ण-आश्रम-आदि-नियमा बहुधा-आमयाः स्युः
पूजा-उपमान-बहु-मान-मुखाः विशेषाः ॥

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

sthūlasya sambhava-jarā-maraṇāni dharmāḥ
sthaulya-ādayaḥ bahuvidhāḥ śiśutādi-avasthāḥ |
varṇa-āśrama-ādi-niyamā bahudhā-amayāḥ syuḥ
pūjā-avamāna-bahu-māna-mukhā viśeṣāḥ || 91 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

The characteristics of the gross body include its birth, aging, and death, along with various stages like childhood and adulthood; governed by numerous rules of caste and stage of life, and distinctions marked by respect and disrespect.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
स्थूलस्य (sthūlasya) of the gross body स्थूल शरीर के
संभव (sambhava) birth जन्म
जरा (jarā) aging वृद्धावस्था
मरणानि (maraṇāni) death मृत्यु
धर्माः (dharmāḥ) characteristics विशेषताएँ
स्थौल्यादयः (sthaulya-ādayaḥ) obesity, etc. स्थुलता आदि
बहुविधाः (bahuvidhāḥ) various कई प्रकार के
शिशुताद्यवस्थाः (śiśutādi-avasthāḥ) stages like childhood बाल्यावस्था आदि की अवस्थाएँ
वर्णाश्रमादिनियमा (varṇa-āśrama-ādi-niyamā) rules of caste and stage of life वर्णाश्रम आदि के नियम
बहुधामयाः (bahudhā-amayāḥ) numerous entanglements कई प्रकार के बंधन
स्युः (syuḥ) be होते हैं
पूजावमानबहुमानमुखाः (pūjā-avamanā-bahu-māna-mukhāḥ) marked by respect, disrespect, and honor पूजनीय, अपमान एवं मान से मुख वाले
विशेषाः (viśeṣāḥ) distinctions विशेषताएँ

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
स्थूलस्य धर्माः स्युः संभाव-जरा-मरणानि Characteristics of the gross body are birth, aging, and death. स्थूल शरीर की विशेषताएँ जन्म, वृद्धावस्था, और मृत्यु हैं।
अवस्थाः स्युः शिशुताद्य Stages of life are childhood, etc. जीवन की अवस्थाएँ बाल्यावस्था आदि हैं।
नियमा स्युः वर्णाश्रमादि Rules are caste and stage of life. नियम वर्णाश्रम आदि हैं।
विशेषाः स्युः पूजावमानबहुमानमुखाः Distinctions are respect and disrespect. विशेषताएँ पूजनीय और अपमानजनक हैं।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Gross Body
  • Philosophical Concepts
  • Life Stages
  • Social Structures

Commentary (टीका)

This verse delves into the characteristics and phases associated with the gross physical body (*sthūlaśarīra*). It highlights the inevitable life events like birth, aging, and death, while also mentioning the various life stages such as childhood. The verse emphasizes the social and spiritual frameworks, such as *varṇa* and *āśrama*, which dictate norms and responsibilities in an individual's life. Additionally, it brings out the social distinctions and dualities exemplified by respect, disrespect, and honor, underscoring the entangled existence within the material world (*saṁsāra*). The verse serves as a reminder of the impermanent and complex nature of human life, governed by social rules and marked by various phases and experiences.

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