Sloka 19: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 19 ==
== Sloka 19 ==
 
'''Original Text:'''
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
आदौ नित्यानित्यवस्तुविवेकः परिगम्यते ।  
आदौ नित्यानित्यवस्तुविवेकः परिगम्यते ।  
इहामुत्रफलभोगविरागस्तदनन्तरम्।
इहामुत्रफलभोगविरागस्तदनन्तरम्
शमादिषट्कसम्पत्तिर्मुमुक्षुत्वमिति स्फुटम् ॥ १९ ॥
शमादिषट्कसम्पत्तिर्मुमुक्षुत्वमिति स्फुटम् ॥ १९ ॥  
</pre>
</pre>


=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
- Transliteration:
आदौ नित्यानित्यवस्तुविवेकः <br />
  Ādau nityānityavastuvivekaḥ parigamyate.
परिगम्यते<br />
  Ihāmutraphalabhogavirāgastadanantaram
इह अमुत्र फल भोग विरागः तत् अनन्तरम्<br />
  śamādiṣaṭkasampattirmumukṣutvamiti sphuṭam.
शमादि षट्क सम्पत्तिः मुमुक्षुत्वम् इति स्फुटम्


=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
- Translation:
ādau nityānityavastuvivekaḥ parigamyate<br />
  At the beginning, the discrimination between the eternal and the non-eternal is to be understood. Thereafter, follows dispassion towards the enjoyment of fruits here and hereafter, the acquisition of the six-fold virtues, and the intense yearning for liberation—this is clearly delineated.
ihaamutraphalabhogavirāgas tadanantaram<br />
śamādiṣaṭkasampattir mumukṣutvam iti sphuṭam


=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
===Word Meanings:===
Initially, the discrimination between the eternal and non-eternal is understood, followed by dispassion for the fruits of actions here and hereafter; then the sixfold virtues like tranquility, and finally, the yearning for liberation clearly emerges.
  * Ādau - in the beginning
  * Nitya - eternal
  * Anitya - non-eternal
  * Vastu - objects
  * Vivekaḥ - discrimination
  * Parigamyate - is to be understood
  * Iha - here
  * Amutra - hereafter
  * Phala - fruits
  * Bhoga - enjoyment
  * Virāgaḥ - dispassion
  * Tadanantaram - thereafter
  * Śama - control of the mind
  * Ādi - and others
  * Ṣaṭka - six-fold
  * Sampattiḥ - wealth
  * Mumukṣutvam - longing for liberation
  * Iti - thus
  * Sphuṭam - clearly


=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
- Commentary:
{| class="wikitable"
  This verse outlines the quintessential prerequisites for a seeker on the path of self-realization and liberation as defined in Vedanta philosophy. The journey commences with 'viveka'—the capacity to discern the eternal (Brahman, the ultimate reality) from the non-eternal (the transient material world). This foundational understanding is crucial as it initiates the detachment from ephemeral pleasures (virāga) that are bound by the temporal world.
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| आदौ (ādau) || initially || प्रारम्भ में
|-
| नित्य-अनित्य-वस्तु-विवेकः (nitya-anitya-vastu-vivekaḥ) || discrimination between the eternal and non-eternal || नित्य और अनित्य वस्तुओं का विवेक
|-
| परिगम्यते (parigamyate) || is understood || समझा जाता है
|-
| इह (iha) || here || यहाँ
|-
| अमुत्र (amutra) || hereafter || परलोक में
|-
| फल (phala) || fruits || फल
|-
| भोग (bhoga) || enjoyment || भोग
|-
| विरागः (virāgaḥ) || dispassion || वैराग्य
|-
| तत् (tat) || that || वह
|-
| अनन्तरम् (anantaram) || afterwards || उसके बाद
|-
| शमादि (śamādi) || virtues like tranquility || शान्ति आदि
|-
| षट्क (ṣaṭka) || sixfold || षट्क
|-
| सम्पत्तिः (sampattiḥ) || virtues or wealth || सम्पत्ति
|-
| मुमुक्षुत्वम् (mumukṣutvam) || yearning for liberation || मोक्ष की इच्छा
|-
| इति (iti) || thus || इस प्रकार
|-
| स्फुटम् (sphuṭam) || clearly || स्पष्ट है
|}


=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  The detachment leads to the cultivation of six essential virtues known as the 'ṣaṭkasampatti'. These are:
{| class="wikitable"
  1. Śama (inner calm),
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
  2. Dama (self-restraint),
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
  3. Uparati (withdrawal from sensory engagements),
|-
  4. Titikṣā (endurance),
| विवेकः || परिगम्यते || नित्य-अनित्य-वस्तु || Discrimination between eternal and non-eternal is understood. || नित्य-अनित्य वस्तुओं का विवेक समझा जाता है।
  5. Śraddhā (faith), and  
|-
  6. Samādhāna (concentration).
| विरागः || परिगम्यते || इहामुत्र फल भोग || Dispassion for fruits of actions here and hereafter is achieved. || इहामुत्र फल भोग के लिए वैराग्य प्राप्त होता है।
|-
| सम्पत्तिः || गृहीता || शमादि षट्क || Acquisition of sixfold virtues like tranquility. || शान्ति आदि षट्क गुण ग्रहण किए जाते हैं।
|-
| मुमुक्षुत्वम् || स्फुटम् || इति || Yearning for liberation clearly emerges. || मोक्ष की इच्छा स्पष्ट रूप से प्रकट होती है।
|}


=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
  Finally, an intense yearning for liberation, 'mumukṣutvam', is emphasized as the driving force to transcend worldly entanglements. This verse succinctly captures the essence of the preparatory discipline needed for spiritual advancement. Each stage progressively leads the aspirant away from material bondage toward the ultimate goal of liberation or 'moksha', all of which are vital for the successful navigation through the path to self-realization.
* [[nitya-anitya-vastu-viveka|nitya-anitya-vastu-viveka (नित्य-अनित्य-वस्तु-विवेक)]]
* [[virāga|virāga (विराग)]]
* [[ṣaṭka sampatti|ṣaṭka sampatti (षट्क सम्पत्ति)]]
* [[mumukṣutva|mumukṣutva (मुमुक्षुत्व)]]


=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
'''
* Discrimination
* Dispassion
* Spirituality
* Liberation


=== Commentary (टीका) ===
Further Readings:'''
This verse sequentially outlines the stages leading to spiritual liberation. It begins with ''viveka'' or discrimination, a fundamental ability to discern between the changeless eternal and the transient. This wisdom leads to ''virāga'', dispassion towards temporary and illusory pleasures of both the earthly and otherworldly realms. Once such dispassion is established, a practitioner develops the ''ṣaṭka sampatti'', the sixfold virtues including ''śama'' (calmness), ''dama'' (self-control), ''uparati'' (withdrawal), ''titikṣa'' (endurance), ''śraddha'' (faith), and ''samādhāna'' (concentration). Finally, the verse culminates in ''mumukṣutva'', the intense longing for ''mokṣa'' or liberation, vividly manifesting in the seeker’s life. This systematic approach emphasizes how Vedantic sadhana is structured and progressive in leading a practitioner towards self-realization.
* [[Vedanta]]
 
* [[Vivekachudamani]]
'''

Revision as of 15:45, 7 January 2025

Sloka 19

Original Text: 

आदौ नित्यानित्यवस्तुविवेकः परिगम्यते । 
इहामुत्रफलभोगविरागस्तदनन्तरम्
शमादिषट्कसम्पत्तिर्मुमुक्षुत्वमिति स्फुटम् ॥ १९ ॥

- Transliteration: 

 Ādau nityānityavastuvivekaḥ parigamyate. 
 Ihāmutraphalabhogavirāgastadanantaram 
 śamādiṣaṭkasampattirmumukṣutvamiti sphuṭam.

- Translation: 

 At the beginning, the discrimination between the eternal and the non-eternal is to be understood. Thereafter, follows dispassion towards the enjoyment of fruits here and hereafter, the acquisition of the six-fold virtues, and the intense yearning for liberation—this is clearly delineated.

Word Meanings:

 * Ādau - in the beginning
 * Nitya - eternal
 * Anitya - non-eternal
 * Vastu - objects
 * Vivekaḥ - discrimination
 * Parigamyate - is to be understood
 * Iha - here
 * Amutra - hereafter
 * Phala - fruits
 * Bhoga - enjoyment
 * Virāgaḥ - dispassion
 * Tadanantaram - thereafter
 * Śama - control of the mind
 * Ādi - and others
 * Ṣaṭka - six-fold
 * Sampattiḥ - wealth
 * Mumukṣutvam - longing for liberation
 * Iti - thus
 * Sphuṭam - clearly

- Commentary: 

 This verse outlines the quintessential prerequisites for a seeker on the path of self-realization and liberation as defined in Vedanta philosophy. The journey commences with 'viveka'—the capacity to discern the eternal (Brahman, the ultimate reality) from the non-eternal (the transient material world). This foundational understanding is crucial as it initiates the detachment from ephemeral pleasures (virāga) that are bound by the temporal world.

 The detachment leads to the cultivation of six essential virtues known as the 'ṣaṭkasampatti'. These are: 
 1. Śama (inner calm), 
 2. Dama (self-restraint), 
 3. Uparati (withdrawal from sensory engagements), 
 4. Titikṣā (endurance), 
 5. Śraddhā (faith), and 
 6. Samādhāna (concentration).

 Finally, an intense yearning for liberation, 'mumukṣutvam', is emphasized as the driving force to transcend worldly entanglements. This verse succinctly captures the essence of the preparatory discipline needed for spiritual advancement. Each stage progressively leads the aspirant away from material bondage toward the ultimate goal of liberation or 'moksha', all of which are vital for the successful navigation through the path to self-realization.

Further Readings:

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