Sutra 2 1 50: Difference between revisions

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=== English ===
=== English ===
This sūtra explains that the meaning of verbal testimony (word or sentence) is not directly perceived, but is known through inference due to its non-perception. In other words, when the object is not directly available, its knowledge is obtained through inference.
This sūtra explains that the meaning of verbal testimony (word or sentence) is not directly perceived, but is known through inference due to its non-perception. In other words, when the object is not directly available, its knowledge is obtained through inference.
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==== <big>Edited Concept List</big> ====
*शब्द (verbal testimony)
*अनुमान (inference)
*अर्थ (object/meaning)
* अनुमेयत्व (inferability)

Latest revision as of 15:13, 16 May 2025

Sutra 2_1_50

Original Text:

शब्दोऽनुमानमर्थस्यानुपलब्धेरनुमेयत्वात्

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term Transliteration Hindi Meaning English Meaning
शब्दः śabdaḥ ध्वनि या वाक्य – वह जो अर्थ को व्यक्त करता है verbal testimony; sound or word expressing meaning
अनुमनम् anumānam अनुमान – ज्ञान का वह प्रकार जो लक्षणों के आधार पर प्राप्त होता है inference; knowledge derived from signs
अर्थस्य arthasya अर्थ के – विषय या तात्पर्य का of the object; of the meaning or referent
अनुपलब्धेः anupalabdheḥ अप्राप्ति के कारण – जब प्रत्यक्ष उपलब्धि नहीं होती due to non-perception; because of absence of direct apprehension
अनुमेयत्वात् anumeyatvāt अनुमान योग्य होने के कारण – जिसे अनुमान द्वारा जाना जा सकता है because of inferability; owing to being an object of inference

Concept List

  • शब्द (verbal testimony)
  • अनुमान (inference)
  • अर्थ (object/meaning)
  • अनुपलब्धि (non-perception)
  • अनुमेयत्व (inferability)

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

  • शब्द – is inferred – अर्थ
  • अर्थ – is not directly perceived –
  • अर्थ – is inferred – अनुपलब्धि

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S) संबंध (V) वस्तु (O)
शब्द अनुमान द्वारा जाना जाता है अर्थ
अर्थ प्रत्यक्ष रूप से प्राप्त नहीं होता
अर्थ अनुमान द्वारा जाना जाता है अनुपलब्धि

English

Subject (S) Relation (V) Object (O)
Verbal testimony is inferred Object
Object is not directly perceived
Object is inferred Non-perception

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

यह सूत्र बताता है कि शब्द (वाक्य या ध्वनि) का अर्थ प्रत्यक्ष रूप से उपलब्ध नहीं होता, बल्कि उसकी अनुपलब्धि के कारण वह अनुमान द्वारा जाना जाता है। अर्थात्, जब अर्थ प्रत्यक्ष नहीं मिलता, तब उसका ज्ञान अनुमान से होता है।

English

This sūtra explains that the meaning of verbal testimony (word or sentence) is not directly perceived, but is known through inference due to its non-perception. In other words, when the object is not directly available, its knowledge is obtained through inference.


Edited Concept List

  • शब्द (verbal testimony)
  • अनुमान (inference)
  • अर्थ (object/meaning)
  • अनुमेयत्व (inferability)