Katha:1.1.6

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== Word-by-Word Breakdown ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Sanskrit Term
|+ Word-by-Word Breakdown
! Transliteration
! Sanskrit Term !! Transliteration !! Hindi Meaning !! English Word or Meaning !! Comments
! Hindi Meaning
! English Word or Meaning
! Comments
|-
|-
| अनुपश्य
| अनुपश्य || anupaśya || देखो – विचारपूर्वक निरीक्षण करो || observe attentively ||
| anupaśya
| देखो – पूर्वजों के आचरण का अवलोकन करो
| Observe – reflect upon
|  
|-
|-
| यथा
| यथा || yathā || जैसे – जिस प्रकार || as, just as ||  
| yathā
| जैसे – जिस प्रकार
| As – in the manner
|  
|-
|-
| पूर्वे
| पूर्वे || pūrve || पूर्वज – पहले के लोग || ancestors ||  
| pūrve
| पूर्वज – पहले के लोग
| Ancestors – those who came before
|  
|-
|-
| प्रतिपश्य
| प्रतिपश्य || pratipaśya || फिर देखो – पुनः विचार करो || consider also ||  
| pratipaśya
| फिर देखो – अब के लोगों के आचरण पर ध्यान दो
| Also observe – notice as well
|  
|-
|-
| तथा
| तथा || tathā || वैसे ही – उसी प्रकार || likewise, in the same way ||  
| tathā
| वैसे ही – उसी प्रकार
| Likewise – in the same way
|  
|-
|-
| अपरे
| अपरे || apare || अन्य – दूसरे लोग || others ||  
| apare
| अन्य – वर्तमान लोग
| Others – those living now
|  
|-
|-
| सस्यम्
| सस्यम् || sasyam || अन्न – फसल, धान्य || crop, corn ||  
| sasyam
| अन्न – खेत में उगने वाला पौधा
| Corn – crop, grain
|  
|-
|-
| इव
| इव || iva || की तरह – के समान || like, as ||  
| iva
| जैसे – के समान
| Like – as if
|  
|-
|-
| मर्त्यः
| मर्त्यः || martyaḥ || नश्वर मनुष्य – मृत्यु को प्राप्त होनेवाला || mortal being ||  
| martyaḥ
| नश्वर जीव – मृत्यु को प्राप्त होने वाला
| Mortal – perishable being
|  
|-
|-
| पच्यते
| पच्यते || pacyate || पकता है – नष्ट होता है, सड़ता है || decays, perishes ||  
| pacyate
| पकता है – नष्ट होता है, समाप्त होता है
| Decays – is cooked, perishes
|  
|-
|-
| सस्यम्
| सस्यम् || sasyam || अन्न – फसल, धान्य || crop, corn ||  
| sasyam
| अन्न – खेत में उगने वाला पौधा
| Corn – crop, grain
|  
|-
|-
| इव
| इव || iva || की तरह – के समान || like, as ||  
| iva
| जैसे – के समान
| Like – as if
|  
|-
|-
| अजायते
| अजायते || ajāyate || जन्म लेता है – उत्पन्न होता है || is born, arises ||
| ajāyate
|-
| जन्म लेता है – फिर से उत्पन्न होता है
| पुनः || punaḥ || फिर पुनः || again ||  
| Is born comes into existence again
|  
|-
|-
| पुनः
| punaḥ
| फिर – दोबारा
| Again – anew
|
|}
|}


== Concept List ==
==Translation/Explanation==
[[katha:anupaśya]]
[[katha:pūrva]]
[[katha:apara]]
[[katha:martya]]
[[katha:sasya]]
[[katha:punarjanma]]
[[katha:samsāra]]
[[katha:satya]]
[[katha:mṛtyu]]


== Translation/Explanation ==
===Hindi===
अपने पूर्वजों ने जैसे आचरण किया, वैसे ही तुम भी देखो और विचार करो; और अब जो अन्य लोग हैं, वे कैसे आचरण करते हैं, यह भी देखो। जैसे अन्न पककर नष्ट होता है और फिर से उत्पन्न होता है, वैसे ही यह नश्वर मनुष्य भी नष्ट होकर फिर से जन्म लेता है। इस प्रकार, जीवन का चक्र चलता रहता है। यह उपदेश आत्मा के पुनर्जन्म और संसार की क्षणभंगुरता को समझाने के लिए है, जिससे मनुष्य को सत्य और धर्म के मार्ग पर चलने की प्रेरणा मिले।


=== Hindi ===
===English===
अपने पूर्वजों ने जैसे आचरण किया, वैसे ही अब के लोग भी करते हैं – इस पर विचार करो। मनुष्य नश्वर है, वह खेत के अन्न की तरह पकता है और फिर उसी तरह से बार-बार जन्म लेता है। इस संसार में सत्य का पालन करना चाहिए, क्योंकि झूठ बोलने से कोई अमर नहीं बन सकता; मनुष्य का जीवन नाशवान है और वह बार-बार जन्म-मरण के चक्र में पड़ता है।
Observe attentively how your pūrva (ancestors) conducted themselves, and likewise consider how others behave now. Just as sasyam (crop) perishes and is born again, so too does the martyaḥ (mortal being) decay and arise once more. This teaching emphasizes the cycle of birth and death, illustrating the impermanence of worldly existence and encouraging one to follow the path of satya (truth) and dharma, as exemplified by the pūrva.


=== English ===
==Commentary==
Reflect upon how your pūrva (ancestors) conducted themselves, and also observe how the apara (others, those living now) behave. The martya (mortal) perishes like sasya (corn) and is born again like sasya. In this world of saṃsāra, one should uphold satya (truth), for breaking one’s word does not lead to amṛtatva (immortality); the human being is perishable and is subject to the cycle of punarjanma (rebirth).
Remember and reflect how your deceased ancestors—father, grandfather, and the rest—conducted themselves; seeing them, it behoves you to travel in their path; see also how others, good men, now behave. There never was or is any falsehood in them; falsifying one’s word is the manner of bad men and none who has broken his word can ever become undecaying and immortal. What is there gained by breaking one’s word, seeing that man decays and dies like sasyam and is again born like sasyam in this transitory world of the jīva-s? The meaning is ‘protect your satya and send me to Mṛtyu.


== Commentary ==
==Concept List==
Remember and reflect how your deceased pūrva (ancestor’s father, grandfather and the rest) conducted themselves; seeing them, it behoves you to travel in their path; see also how apara (others, good men, now) behave. There never was or is any falsehood in them; falsifying one’s word is the manner of bad men and none who has broken his satya (word) can ever become ajara-amṛta (undecaying and immortal). What is there gained by breaking one’s satya, seeing that martya (man) decays and dies like sasya (corn) and is again born like sasya in this, transitory world of the jīva-s? The meaning is ‘protect your satya and send me to Mṛtyu (Death).’
[[katha:anupaśya|anupaśya]]<br />
[[katha:pūrva|pūrva]]<br />
[[katha:martya|martya]]<br />
[[katha:sasyam|sasyam]]<br />
[[katha:punarjanma|punarjanma]]<br />
[[katha:satya|satya]]<br />
[[katha:dharmamārga|dharmamārga]]<br />
[[katha:jīva|jīva]]<br />
[[katha:mṛtyu|mṛtyu]]

Latest revision as of 10:12, 18 May 2025

Mantra 1.1.6

Original Text:

अनुपश्य यथा पूर्वे प्रतिपश्य तथापरे ।
	सस्यमिव मर्त्यः पच्यते सस्यमिवाजायते पुनः ॥ ६ ॥
anupaśya yathā pūrve pratipaśya tathāpare ।
	sasyamiva martyaḥ pacyate sasyamivājāyate punaḥ ॥ 6 ॥
Word-by-Word Breakdown
Sanskrit Term Transliteration Hindi Meaning English Word or Meaning Comments
अनुपश्य anupaśya देखो – विचारपूर्वक निरीक्षण करो observe attentively
यथा yathā जैसे – जिस प्रकार as, just as
पूर्वे pūrve पूर्वज – पहले के लोग ancestors
प्रतिपश्य pratipaśya फिर देखो – पुनः विचार करो consider also
तथा tathā वैसे ही – उसी प्रकार likewise, in the same way
अपरे apare अन्य – दूसरे लोग others
सस्यम् sasyam अन्न – फसल, धान्य crop, corn
इव iva की तरह – के समान like, as
मर्त्यः martyaḥ नश्वर मनुष्य – मृत्यु को प्राप्त होनेवाला mortal being
पच्यते pacyate पकता है – नष्ट होता है, सड़ता है decays, perishes
सस्यम् sasyam अन्न – फसल, धान्य crop, corn
इव iva की तरह – के समान like, as
अजायते ajāyate जन्म लेता है – उत्पन्न होता है is born, arises
पुनः punaḥ फिर – पुनः again

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

अपने पूर्वजों ने जैसे आचरण किया, वैसे ही तुम भी देखो और विचार करो; और अब जो अन्य लोग हैं, वे कैसे आचरण करते हैं, यह भी देखो। जैसे अन्न पककर नष्ट होता है और फिर से उत्पन्न होता है, वैसे ही यह नश्वर मनुष्य भी नष्ट होकर फिर से जन्म लेता है। इस प्रकार, जीवन का चक्र चलता रहता है। यह उपदेश आत्मा के पुनर्जन्म और संसार की क्षणभंगुरता को समझाने के लिए है, जिससे मनुष्य को सत्य और धर्म के मार्ग पर चलने की प्रेरणा मिले।

English

Observe attentively how your pūrva (ancestors) conducted themselves, and likewise consider how others behave now. Just as sasyam (crop) perishes and is born again, so too does the martyaḥ (mortal being) decay and arise once more. This teaching emphasizes the cycle of birth and death, illustrating the impermanence of worldly existence and encouraging one to follow the path of satya (truth) and dharma, as exemplified by the pūrva.

Commentary

Remember and reflect how your deceased ancestors—father, grandfather, and the rest—conducted themselves; seeing them, it behoves you to travel in their path; see also how others, good men, now behave. There never was or is any falsehood in them; falsifying one’s word is the manner of bad men and none who has broken his word can ever become undecaying and immortal. What is there gained by breaking one’s word, seeing that man decays and dies like sasyam and is again born like sasyam in this transitory world of the jīva-s? The meaning is ‘protect your satya and send me to Mṛtyu.’

Concept List

anupaśya
pūrva
martya
sasyam
punarjanma
satya
dharmamārga
jīva
mṛtyu