Sloka 122: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 122 ==
== Sloka 122 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
अथ ते संप्रवक्ष्यामि स्वरूपं परमात्मनः ।  
देहेन्द्रियप्राणमनोऽहमादयः
यद्विज्ञाय नरो बन्धान्मुक्तः कैवल्यमश्नुते ॥ १२४ ॥  
सर्वे विकारा विषयाः सुखादयः ।
व्योमादिभूतान्यखिलं न विश्वं
अव्यक्तपर्यन्तमिदं ह्यनात्मा ॥ १२२ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


- **Transliteration:**
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
  atha te saṁpravakṣyāmi svarūpaṁ paramātmanaḥ |
देह-इन्द्रिय-प्राण-मनः-अहम-आदयः 
  yad vijñāya naro bandhān muktaḥ kaivalyam aśnute || 124 ||
सर्वे विकारा विषयाः सुख-आदयः । 
व्योम-आदि-भूतानि-अखिलं न विश्वं 
अव्यक्त-पर्यन्तम्-इदं हि-अनात्मा ॥


- **Translation:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  Now I shall explain to you the true nature of the Supreme Self, knowing which a person is liberated from bondage and attains ultimate oneness.
deha-indriya-prāṇa-manaḥ-aham-ādayaḥ 
sarve vikārā viṣayāḥ sukh-ādayaḥ | 
vyoma-ādi-bhūtāni-akhilaṁ na viśvaṁ 
avyakta-paryantam-idaṁ hy-anātmā || 122 ||


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  * atha - now
All modifications such as the body, senses, life-force, mind, ego, and experiences such as pleasure are not the Self but are non-Self, ending with the unmanifest element.
  * te - to you
  * saṁpravakṣyāmi - I shall explain
  * svarūpaṁ - true nature
  * paramātmanaḥ - of the Supreme Self
  * yat - which
  * vijñāya - knowing
  * naraḥ - a person
  * bandhān - from bondage
  * muktaḥ - liberated
  * kaivalyam - oneness; ultimate liberation
  * aśnute - attains


- **Commentary:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  This sloka underlines a pivotal teaching in Vedantic philosophy that understanding the true nature of the Supreme Self (paramātman) is the key to liberation. The term "svarūpa" refers to the intrinsic nature or essence, suggesting that the essence of the Supreme Self is something to be realized rather than something external to be acquired. The phrase "yat vijñāya" signifies that this knowledge is experiential and transformative, implying a realization that transcends intellectual understanding.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| देह (deha) || body || शरीर
|-
| इन्द्रिय (indriya) || senses || इंद्रिय
|-
| प्राण (prāṇa) || life-force || प्राण
|-
| मनः (manaḥ) || mind || मन
|-
| अहम् (aham) || ego || अहंकार
|-
| आदयः (ādayaḥ) || and so forth || आदि
|-
| सर्वे (sarve) || all || सभी
|-
| विकारा (vikārā) || modifications || विकार
|-
| विषयाः (viṣayāḥ) || objects || विषय
|-
| सुख (sukha) || pleasure || सुख
|-
| आदयः (ādayaḥ) || and so forth || आदि
|-
| व्योम (vyoma) || space || आकाश
|-
| आदि (ādi) || and so forth || आदि
|-
| भूतानि (bhūtāni) || elements || तत्व
|-
| अखिलं (akhilaṁ) || entire || सम्पूर्ण
|-
| न (na) || not || नहीं
|-
| विश्वं (viśvaṁ) || world || संसार
|-
| अव्यक्त (avyakta) || unmanifest || अव्यक्त
|-
| पर्यन्तं (paryantam) || ending with || अंत तक
|-
| इदं (idaṁ) || this || यह
|-
| हि (hi) || indeed || वास्तव में
|-
| अनात्मा (anātmā) || non-Self || अनात्मा
|}


  Liberation, or "moksha," is described here as freedom from "bandha" or bondage, often interpreted as the cycle of birth and death, karma, and ignorance. The ultimate state of "kaivalya" represents isolation from all forms of suffering and the attainment of oneness with the Supreme. This verse encapsulates the core objective of many spiritual practices in Vedanta, where the seeker aspires to realize their inherent unity with the Supreme Self, thus attaining eternal peace and liberation.  
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| modifications (विकारा) || are || not the Self (अनात्मा) || The modifications are not the Self. || विकार अनात्मा हैं।
|-
| body, senses (देह, इन्द्रिय) || are || non-Self (अनात्मा) || Body and senses are non-Self. || शरीर और इंद्रियाँ अनात्मा हैं।
|-
| experiences (विषयाः) || are || not Self (अनात्मा) || Experiences are not Self. || अनुभव अनात्मा हैं।
|-
| elements (भूतानि) || are || non-Self (अनात्मा) || Elements are non-Self. || तत्व अनात्मा हैं।
|}


  The promise of freedom as described in this sloka emphasizes the transformative potential of self-knowledge, highlighting that understanding one's own true nature is sufficient to dissolve all limitations and attain a state of complete liberation.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[anātmā|anātmā (अनात्मा)]]
* [[vyoma|vyoma (व्योम)]]
* [[vikāra|vikāra (विकार)]]
* [[avyakta|avyakta (अव्यक्त)]]
 
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Non-Self
* Vedanta
* Metaphysics
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse addresses the essential Vedantic teaching distinguishing between the 'Self' (''ātman'') and the 'non-Self' (''anātmā''). It emphasizes that all worldly experiences and entities, from the body and senses to the mind and unmanifest elements, are modifications or products of nature (''prakriti'') and thus belong to the realm of 'non-Self'. Recognizing them as impermanent and distinct from the true Self is crucial in Vedantic philosophy. The ''anātmā'' aspects are impermanent and subject to change, unlike the eternal ''ātman'' which is beyond all modifications. This understanding is essential for spiritual seekers aiming for self-realization and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 23:51, 31 January 2025

Sloka 122

Sloka (श्लोक)

देहेन्द्रियप्राणमनोऽहमादयः
सर्वे विकारा विषयाः सुखादयः ।
व्योमादिभूतान्यखिलं न विश्वं
अव्यक्तपर्यन्तमिदं ह्यनात्मा ॥ १२२ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

देह-इन्द्रिय-प्राण-मनः-अहम-आदयः सर्वे विकारा विषयाः सुख-आदयः । व्योम-आदि-भूतानि-अखिलं न विश्वं अव्यक्त-पर्यन्तम्-इदं हि-अनात्मा ॥

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

deha-indriya-prāṇa-manaḥ-aham-ādayaḥ sarve vikārā viṣayāḥ sukh-ādayaḥ | vyoma-ādi-bhūtāni-akhilaṁ na viśvaṁ avyakta-paryantam-idaṁ hy-anātmā || 122 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

All modifications such as the body, senses, life-force, mind, ego, and experiences such as pleasure are not the Self but are non-Self, ending with the unmanifest element.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
देह (deha) body शरीर
इन्द्रिय (indriya) senses इंद्रिय
प्राण (prāṇa) life-force प्राण
मनः (manaḥ) mind मन
अहम् (aham) ego अहंकार
आदयः (ādayaḥ) and so forth आदि
सर्वे (sarve) all सभी
विकारा (vikārā) modifications विकार
विषयाः (viṣayāḥ) objects विषय
सुख (sukha) pleasure सुख
आदयः (ādayaḥ) and so forth आदि
व्योम (vyoma) space आकाश
आदि (ādi) and so forth आदि
भूतानि (bhūtāni) elements तत्व
अखिलं (akhilaṁ) entire सम्पूर्ण
न (na) not नहीं
विश्वं (viśvaṁ) world संसार
अव्यक्त (avyakta) unmanifest अव्यक्त
पर्यन्तं (paryantam) ending with अंत तक
इदं (idaṁ) this यह
हि (hi) indeed वास्तव में
अनात्मा (anātmā) non-Self अनात्मा

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
modifications (विकारा) are not the Self (अनात्मा) The modifications are not the Self. विकार अनात्मा हैं।
body, senses (देह, इन्द्रिय) are non-Self (अनात्मा) Body and senses are non-Self. शरीर और इंद्रियाँ अनात्मा हैं।
experiences (विषयाः) are not Self (अनात्मा) Experiences are not Self. अनुभव अनात्मा हैं।
elements (भूतानि) are non-Self (अनात्मा) Elements are non-Self. तत्व अनात्मा हैं।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Non-Self
  • Vedanta
  • Metaphysics

Commentary (टीका)

This verse addresses the essential Vedantic teaching distinguishing between the 'Self' (ātman) and the 'non-Self' (anātmā). It emphasizes that all worldly experiences and entities, from the body and senses to the mind and unmanifest elements, are modifications or products of nature (prakriti) and thus belong to the realm of 'non-Self'. Recognizing them as impermanent and distinct from the true Self is crucial in Vedantic philosophy. The anātmā aspects are impermanent and subject to change, unlike the eternal ātman which is beyond all modifications. This understanding is essential for spiritual seekers aiming for self-realization and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

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