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2025-04-17T19:41:57Z

Added/updated by bot page Sutra_4_1_4

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== Sutra 4_1_4 ==
'''Original Text:'''
<pre>
नैकप्रत्यनीकभावात्
</pre>

== Word-by-Word Breakdown ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Sanskrit Term !! Transliteration !! Hindi Meaning !! English Meaning
|-
| न || na || नहीं – अभाव, निषेध || not; absence; negation
|-
| एक || eka || एक – केवल एक, अद्वितीय || one; single; unique
|-
| प्रत्यनीक || pratyanīka || विरोधी – प्रतिद्वंदी, विपरीत || opposite; adversary; contrary
|-
| भावात् || bhāvāt || होने के कारण – अस्तित्व के कारण || due to existence; because of being; on account of presence
|}

== Concept List ==

* एकप्रत्यनीकभाव (the state of being a single opposite)
* अभाव (absence/negation)
* कारण (cause/reason)
* विरोध (opposition)

== Subject–Verb–Object Triples ==

* एकप्रत्यनीकभाव – does not exist due to – अभाव
* अभाव – is caused by – प्रत्यनीकभाव
* विरोध – is negated by – अभाव

== Triple Tables ==

=== Hindi ===

{| class="wikitable"
! विषय (S) !! संबंध (V) !! वस्तु (O)
|-
| एकप्रत्यनीकभाव || अस्तित्व में नहीं है क्योंकि || अभाव
|-
| अभाव || उत्पन्न होता है || प्रत्यनीकभाव
|-
| विरोध || नष्ट किया जाता है || अभाव
|}

=== English ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Subject (S) !! Relation (V) !! Object (O)
|-
| State of being a single opposite || does not exist due to || absence
|-
| Absence || is caused by || opposition
|-
| Opposition || is negated by || absence
|}

== Translation/Explanation ==

=== Hindi ===
इस सूत्र का तात्पर्य है कि केवल एक विरोधी के कारण अभाव की स्थापना नहीं होती। अर्थात्, किसी वस्तु का अभाव तब ही माना जाता है जब उसके अनेक विरोधी हों, केवल एक विरोधी से अभाव नहीं सिद्ध होता। न्याय दर्शन में यह सिद्धांत अभाव के स्वरूप को स्पष्ट करता है।

=== English ===
The meaning of this sūtra is that the absence (abhāva) cannot be established merely due to the presence of a single opposite. In other words, in Nyāya philosophy, absence is recognized only when there are multiple opposites; the presence of just one opposite is insufficient to establish non-existence. This principle clarifies the nature of absence in the Nyāya system.

Sutra 4 1 4 - Revision history

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