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Added/updated by bot page Sutra_2_2_65

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== Sutra 2_2_65 ==
'''Original Text:'''
<pre>
व्यक्त्त्याकृतिजातयस्तु पदार्थः
</pre>

== Word-by-Word Breakdown ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Sanskrit Term !! Transliteration !! Hindi Meaning !! English Meaning
|-
| व्यक्त्ति || vyakti || व्यक्तिगत वस्तु – किसी विशेष, एकल वस्तु || Individual – a particular, single entity
|-
| आकृति || ākṛti || सामान्य रूप – वस्तुओं का सामान्य स्वरूप या प्रकार || Universal form – the general pattern or type of things
|-
| जातयः || jātayaḥ || जातियाँ – वर्ग या समूह जिनमें वस्तुएँ विभाजित होती हैं || Classes – categories or groups into which things are divided
|-
| तु || tu || परंतु – विरोध या भिन्नता सूचक || But – indicates contrast or distinction
|-
| पदार्थः || padārthaḥ || तत्त्व – वह जो विचार या चर्चा का विषय है; द्रव्य, गुण आदि || Category – that which is the object of thought or discourse; substance, quality, etc.
|}

== Concept List ==

* व्यक्त्ति (Individual)
* आकृति (Universal form)
* जाति (Class)
* पदार्थ (Category)

== Subject–Verb–Object Triples ==

* Individual, is included in, Category
* Universal form, is included in, Category
* Class, is included in, Category

== Triple Tables ==

=== Hindi ===

{| class="wikitable"
! विषय (S) !! संबंध (V) !! वस्तु (O)
|-
| व्यक्तिगत वस्तु || समाहित है || तत्त्व
|-
| सामान्य रूप || समाहित है || तत्त्व
|-
| जाति || समाहित है || तत्त्व
|}

=== English ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Subject (S) !! Relation (V) !! Object (O)
|-
| Individual || is included in || Category
|-
| Universal form || is included in || Category
|-
| Class || is included in || Category
|}

== Translation/Explanation ==

=== Hindi ===
इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि तत्त्व (पदार्थ) के अंतर्गत व्यक्तिगत वस्तुएँ, सामान्य रूप (आकृति) और जातियाँ आती हैं। अर्थात्, न्याय के अनुसार पदार्थ की परिभाषा में ये तीनों शामिल हैं, जिससे पदार्थ का स्वरूप स्पष्ट होता है।

=== English ===
This sūtra states that under the category of 'padārtha' (category or substance), individuals, universal forms, and classes are included. Thus, according to Nyāya, these three—individuals, universals, and classes—are all encompassed within the definition of a category, clarifying the scope of what is considered a 'padārtha.'

Sutra 2 2 65 - Revision history

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