imported>Gagan at 08:12, 27 May 2025

2025-05-27T08:12:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:42, 27 May 2025
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	=== English ===		=== English ===
	This sūtra states that the knowledge of "quaternity" (the state of being four) cannot be established through tradition (hearsay), presumption (arthāpatti), possibility (sambhava), or non-existence (abhāva), because these means are not recognized as valid sources of knowledge (pramāṇa) in this context. Therefore, "quaternity" cannot be known by relying on these sources.		This sūtra states that the knowledge of "quaternity" (the state of being four) cannot be established through tradition (hearsay), presumption (arthāpatti), possibility (sambhava), or non-existence (abhāva), because these means are not recognized as valid sources of knowledge (pramāṇa) in this context. Therefore, "quaternity" cannot be known by relying on these sources.
			----

			==== <big>Edited Concept List</big> ====

			*प्रामाण्य (validity as a means of knowledge)

imported>Vij: Added/updated by bot page Sutra_2_2_1

2025-04-17T18:46:37Z

Added/updated by bot page Sutra_2_2_1

New page

== Sutra 2_2_1 ==
'''Original Text:'''
<pre>
न चतुष्ट्वमैतिह्यार्थापत्तिसम्भवाभावप्रामाण्यात्
</pre>

== Word-by-Word Breakdown ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Sanskrit Term !! Transliteration !! Hindi Meaning !! English Meaning
|-
| न || na || नहीं – निषेध, अस्वीकृति || not; negation
|-
| चतुष्ट्वम् || catuṣṭvam || चारत्व – चार का समूह, संख्या चार || quaternity; the state of being four
|-
| ऐतिह्य || aitihya || परंपरागत श्रुति – परंपरा से प्राप्त ज्ञान || tradition; hearsay
|-
| अर्थापत्ति || arthāpatti || अनिवार्य निष्कर्ष – तर्क द्वारा आवश्यक निष्कर्ष || presumption; postulation
|-
| सम्भव || sambhava || संभावना – संभवता, संभावना || possibility; probability
|-
| अभाव || abhāva || अभाव – अनुपस्थिति, न होना || non-existence; absence
|-
| प्रामाण्यात् || prāmāṇyāt || प्रमाणता के कारण – प्रमाण के रूप में मान्यता के कारण || due to validity as a means of knowledge
|}

== Concept List ==

* चतुष्ट्वम् (quaternity)
* ऐतिह्य (tradition)
* अर्थापत्ति (presumption)
* सम्भव (possibility)
* अभाव (non-existence)
* प्रामाण्य (validity as a means of knowledge)

== Subject–Verb–Object Triples ==

* tradition – lacks – validity as a means of knowledge
* presumption – lacks – validity as a means of knowledge
* possibility – lacks – validity as a means of knowledge
* non-existence – lacks – validity as a means of knowledge
* quaternity – does not arise – from tradition
* quaternity – does not arise – from presumption
* quaternity – does not arise – from possibility
* quaternity – does not arise – from non-existence

== Triple Tables ==

=== Hindi ===

{| class="wikitable"
! विषय (S) !! संबंध (V) !! वस्तु (O)
|-
| ऐतिह्य || प्रमाणता से रहित है || प्रमाण
|-
| अर्थापत्ति || प्रमाणता से रहित है || प्रमाण
|-
| सम्भव || प्रमाणता से रहित है || प्रमाण
|-
| अभाव || प्रमाणता से रहित है || प्रमाण
|-
| चतुष्ट्वम् || उत्पन्न नहीं होता || ऐतिह्य
|-
| चतुष्ट्वम् || उत्पन्न नहीं होता || अर्थापत्ति
|-
| चतुष्ट्वम् || उत्पन्न नहीं होता || सम्भव
|-
| चतुष्ट्वम् || उत्पन्न नहीं होता || अभाव
|}

=== English ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Subject (S) !! Relation (V) !! Object (O)
|-
| tradition || lacks || validity as a means of knowledge
|-
| presumption || lacks || validity as a means of knowledge
|-
| possibility || lacks || validity as a means of knowledge
|-
| non-existence || lacks || validity as a means of knowledge
|-
| quaternity || does not arise || from tradition
|-
| quaternity || does not arise || from presumption
|-
| quaternity || does not arise || from possibility
|-
| quaternity || does not arise || from non-existence
|}

== Translation/Explanation ==

=== Hindi ===
इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि ‘चारत्व’ (चतुष्ट्व) की सिद्धि न तो परंपरा (ऐतिह्य), न ही अनिवार्य निष्कर्ष (अर्थापत्ति), न संभावना (सम्भव) और न ही अभाव (अभाव) के प्रमाण से होती है, क्योंकि ये साधनों को प्रमाण के रूप में मान्यता प्राप्त नहीं है। अतः इनसे ‘चारत्व’ का ज्ञान नहीं प्राप्त किया जा सकता।

=== English ===
This sūtra states that the knowledge of "quaternity" (the state of being four) cannot be established through tradition (hearsay), presumption (arthāpatti), possibility (sambhava), or non-existence (abhāva), because these means are not recognized as valid sources of knowledge (pramāṇa) in this context. Therefore, "quaternity" cannot be known by relying on these sources.

Sutra 2 2 1 - Revision history

imported>Gagan at 08:12, 27 May 2025

imported>Vij: Added/updated by bot page Sutra_2_2_1