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	<id>https://iks.bhu.edu.in/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Sutra_1_2_3</id>
	<title>Sutra 1 2 3 - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-18T22:42:03Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://iks.bhu.edu.in/index.php?title=Sutra_1_2_3&amp;diff=404&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>imported&gt;Gagan at 08:40, 28 April 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://iks.bhu.edu.in/index.php?title=Sutra_1_2_3&amp;diff=404&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-04-28T08:40:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:10, 28 April 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l56&quot;&gt;Line 56:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 56:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== English ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== English ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This sūtra explains that vitanda is the form of debate in which one does not establish the counter-thesis; that is, in vitanda, a person only refutes the opponent’s arguments without presenting any independent position of their own. It is a type of debate focused solely on opposition and refutation, not on establishing a positive thesis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This sūtra explains that vitanda is the form of debate in which one does not establish the counter-thesis; that is, in vitanda, a person only refutes the opponent’s arguments without presenting any independent position of their own. It is a type of debate focused solely on opposition and refutation, not on establishing a positive thesis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;----&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==== &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Edites Concept List&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt; ====&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* वितण्डा (vitanda)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* प्रतिपक्षस्थापनाहीन (absence of establishing the counter-thesis)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>imported&gt;Gagan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://iks.bhu.edu.in/index.php?title=Sutra_1_2_3&amp;diff=403&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>imported&gt;Vij: Added/updated by bot page Sutra_1_2_3</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://iks.bhu.edu.in/index.php?title=Sutra_1_2_3&amp;diff=403&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-04-17T18:22:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Added/updated by bot page Sutra_1_2_3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Sutra 1_2_3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Original Text:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
स प्रतिपक्षस्थापनाहीनो वितण्डा&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Word-by-Word Breakdown ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Sanskrit Term !! Transliteration !! Hindi Meaning !! English Meaning&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| स || sa || वह – पूर्व में निर्दिष्ट विषय (वाद) || that (previously mentioned subject, i.e., debate)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| प्रतिपक्षस्थापनाहीनः || pratipakṣasthāpanāhīnaḥ || प्रतिपक्ष की स्थापना से रहित – जो विरोधी पक्ष का समर्थन नहीं करता || lacking establishment of the counter-thesis (does not present the opponent’s position)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| वितण्डा || vitaṇḍā || वितण्डा – केवल विरोध करने वाली वाद-विधि || vitanda (the mode of disputation focused only on refutation)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Concept List ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* वितण्डा (vitanda)&lt;br /&gt;
* प्रतिपक्षस्थापनाहीनता (absence of establishing the counter-thesis)&lt;br /&gt;
* वाद (debate/disputation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Subject–Verb–Object Triples ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* वितण्डा — is characterized by — प्रतिपक्षस्थापनाहीनता&lt;br /&gt;
* वितण्डा — is a type of — वाद&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Triple Tables ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hindi ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! विषय (S) !! संबंध (V) !! वस्तु (O)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| वितण्डा || द्वारा चिह्नित है || प्रतिपक्षस्थापनाहीनता&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| वितण्डा || का प्रकार है || वाद&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== English ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Subject (S) !! Relation (V) !! Object (O)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| vitanda || is characterized by || absence of establishing the counter-thesis&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| vitanda || is a type of || debate&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Translation/Explanation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hindi ===&lt;br /&gt;
यह सूत्र बताता है कि वितण्डा वह वाद-विधि है जिसमें प्रतिपक्ष की स्थापना नहीं की जाती, अर्थात् वितण्डा में व्यक्ति केवल विरोध करता है, स्वयं कोई स्वतंत्र मत प्रस्तुत नहीं करता। यह वाद का एक प्रकार है, जिसमें केवल प्रतिपक्ष के तर्कों का खंडन किया जाता है, बिना अपनी ओर से कोई सिद्धांत स्थापित किए।&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== English ===&lt;br /&gt;
This sūtra explains that vitanda is the form of debate in which one does not establish the counter-thesis; that is, in vitanda, a person only refutes the opponent’s arguments without presenting any independent position of their own. It is a type of debate focused solely on opposition and refutation, not on establishing a positive thesis.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>imported&gt;Vij</name></author>
	</entry>
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