imported>Gagan at 11:39, 28 April 2025

2025-04-28T11:39:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:09, 28 April 2025
Line 58:		Line 58:
	=== English ===		=== English ===
	This sūtra states that verbal deception (vākchalam) and deception through figurative or extended usage (upacārachalam) are not different in essence. Both involve manipulating or obscuring meaning through speech, and therefore, they are considered the same in the context of Nyāya analysis.		This sūtra states that verbal deception (vākchalam) and deception through figurative or extended usage (upacārachalam) are not different in essence. Both involve manipulating or obscuring meaning through speech, and therefore, they are considered the same in the context of Nyāya analysis.
			----

			==== <big>Edited Concept List</big> ====

			* वाक्छलम् (verbal deception)
			* उपचारच्छलम् (deception by figurative usage)

			----

			==== <big>Edited SVO</big> ====
			{\| class="wikitable"
			! Subject (S) !! Relation (V) !! Object (O)
			\|-
			\| वाक्छलम् (verbal deception) \|\| is considered as \|\| उपचारच्छलम् (deception by figurative usage)
			\|}

imported>Vij: Added/updated by bot page Sutra_1_2_15

2025-04-17T18:25:15Z

Added/updated by bot page Sutra_1_2_15

New page

== Sutra 1_2_15 ==
'''Original Text:'''
<pre>
वाक्छलमेवोपचारच्छलं तदविशेषात्
</pre>

== Word-by-Word Breakdown ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Sanskrit Term !! Transliteration !! Hindi Meaning !! English Meaning
|-
| वाक्छलम् || vāk-chalam || वाणी का छल – बोलचाल में छल करना || Deception in speech; verbal trickery
|-
| एव || eva || केवल – मात्र, विशेष रूप से || Only; specifically; just
|-
| उपचारच्छलम् || upacāra-chalam || उपमा या रूपक के माध्यम से छल – शब्दों के अर्थ का विस्तार करके छल करना || Deception through figurative usage; trickery by extended meaning
|-
| तत् || tat || वह – उपर्युक्त (उपचारच्छल) || That; the aforementioned (here: upacāra-chalam)
|-
| अविशेषात् || aviśeṣāt || भेद न होने के कारण – अंतर न होने से || Due to non-difference; because there is no distinction
|}

== Concept List ==
* वाक्छलम् (verbal deception)
* उपचारच्छलम् (deception by figurative usage)
* अविशेष (non-distinction)

== Subject–Verb–Object Triples ==
* वाक्छलम् – is considered as – उपचारच्छलम्
* उपचारच्छलम् – is not distinct from – वाक्छलम्

== Triple Tables ==

=== Hindi ===
{| class="wikitable"
! विषय (S) !! संबंध (V) !! वस्तु (O)
|-
| वाक्छलम् || के रूप में माना जाता है || उपचारच्छलम्
|-
| उपचारच्छलम् || भिन्न नहीं है || वाक्छलम्
|}

=== English ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Subject (S) !! Relation (V) !! Object (O)
|-
| vākchalam (verbal deception) || is considered as || upacārachalam (deception by figurative usage)
|-
| upacārachalam (deception by figurative usage) || is not distinct from || vākchalam (verbal deception)
|}

== Translation/Explanation ==

=== Hindi ===
इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि वाणी में छल (वाक्छल) और उपमा या रूपक के माध्यम से किया गया छल (उपचारच्छल) में कोई भेद नहीं है। दोनों का स्वरूप एक ही है, क्योंकि दोनों में अर्थ को बदलकर या छिपाकर छल किया जाता है।

=== English ===
This sūtra states that verbal deception (vākchalam) and deception through figurative or extended usage (upacārachalam) are not different in essence. Both involve manipulating or obscuring meaning through speech, and therefore, they are considered the same in the context of Nyāya analysis.

Sutra 1 2 15 - Revision history

imported>Gagan at 11:39, 28 April 2025

imported>Vij: Added/updated by bot page Sutra_1_2_15