imported>Gagan at 07:52, 22 April 2025

2025-04-22T07:52:03Z

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 | Elements || comprise || Earth
 |-
-| Elements || comprise || Water
+| Elements || comprise || <small>Water</small>
 |-
 | Elements || comprise || Fire
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 |}
-== Translation/Explanation ==
+==== <big>Translation/Explanation</big> ====
 === Hindi ===
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 === English ===
 This sūtra states that the term "elements" (bhūtāni) refers to the five fundamental substances: earth, water, fire, air, and ether/space. Each element has its own defining quality: earth is characterized by smell, water by liquidity, fire by heat and form, air by touch, and ether by sound. Together, these five elements constitute the material world according to Nyāya philosophy.

imported>Vij: Added/updated by bot page Sutra_1_1_13

2025-04-17T18:14:13Z

Added/updated by bot page Sutra_1_1_13

New page

== Sutra 1_1_13 ==
'''Original Text:'''
<pre>
पृथ्व्यापस्तेजो वायुराकाशमिति भूतानि
</pre>

== Word-by-Word Breakdown ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Sanskrit Term !! Transliteration !! Hindi Meaning !! English Meaning
|-
| पृथ्वी || pṛthvī || पृथ्वी – ठोस पदार्थ, जिसमें गंध का गुण होता है || Earth – the solid element characterized by the quality of smell
|-
| आपः || āpaḥ || आपः – तरल पदार्थ, जिसमें द्रवता और स्वाद का गुण होता है || Water – the liquid element characterized by liquidity and taste
|-
| तेजः || tejaḥ || तेजः – अग्नि या प्रकाश, जिसमें ताप और रूप का गुण होता है || Fire – the element of light/heat, characterized by temperature and form
|-
| वायु || vāyu || वायु – वह तत्व जिसमें स्पर्श का गुण होता है, गति का कारण || Air – the element characterized by touch, cause of motion
|-
| आकाशम् || ākāśam || आकाश – वह तत्व जिसमें शब्द का गुण होता है, स्थान का आधार || Ether/Space – the element characterized by sound, substratum of spatial extension
|-
| इति || iti || इति – इस प्रकार, उपसंहार का सूचक शब्द || Thus – marker of conclusion or enumeration
|-
| भूतानि || bhūtāni || भूतानि – पंचमहाभूत, मूलभूत तत्व || Elements – the five fundamental physical substances
|}

== Concept List ==
* पृथ्वी (Earth element)
* आपः (Water element)
* तेजः (Fire element)
* वायु (Air element)
* आकाशम् (Ether/Space element)
* भूतानि (Five elements)

== Subject–Verb–Object Triples ==
* भूतानि – comprise – पृथ्वी
* भूतानि – comprise – आपः
* भूतानि – comprise – तेजः
* भूतानि – comprise – वायु
* भूतानि – comprise – आकाशम्

== Triple Tables ==

=== Hindi ===
{| class="wikitable"
! विषय (S) !! संबंध (V) !! वस्तु (O)
|-
| भूतानि || में सम्मिलित हैं || पृथ्वी
|-
| भूतानि || में सम्मिलित हैं || आपः
|-
| भूतानि || में सम्मिलित हैं || तेजः
|-
| भूतानि || में सम्मिलित हैं || वायु
|-
| भूतानि || में सम्मिलित हैं || आकाशम्
|}

=== English ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Subject (S) !! Relation (V) !! Object (O)
|-
| Elements || comprise || Earth
|-
| Elements || comprise || Water
|-
| Elements || comprise || Fire
|-
| Elements || comprise || Air
|-
| Elements || comprise || Ether/Space
|}

== Translation/Explanation ==

=== Hindi ===
यह सूत्र बताता है कि भूतानि अर्थात् पंचमहाभूत – पृथ्वी, आपः, तेजः, वायु और आकाश – ये पाँच मूलभूत तत्व हैं। प्रत्येक तत्व की अपनी विशेषता है, जैसे पृथ्वी में गंध, आपः में द्रवता, तेजः में ताप, वायु में स्पर्श और आकाश में शब्द। ये सभी मिलकर भौतिक जगत की रचना करते हैं।

=== English ===
This sūtra states that the term "elements" (bhūtāni) refers to the five fundamental substances: earth, water, fire, air, and ether/space. Each element has its own defining quality: earth is characterized by smell, water by liquidity, fire by heat and form, air by touch, and ether by sound. Together, these five elements constitute the material world according to Nyāya philosophy.

Sutra 1 1 13 - Revision history

imported>Gagan at 07:52, 22 April 2025

imported>Vij: Added/updated by bot page Sutra_1_1_13