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== Sloka 491 ==<br />
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=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===<br />
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<pre><br />
द्रष्टुः श्रोतुर्वक्तुः कर्तुर्भोक्तुर्विभिन्न एवाहम् ।<br />
नित्यनिरन्तरनिष्क्रियनिःसीमासङ्गपूर्णबोधात्मा ॥ ४९१ ॥<br />
</pre><br />
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=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===<br />
द्रष्टुः <br /><br />
श्रोतु: <br /><br />
वक्तुः <br /><br />
कर्तुः <br /><br />
भोक्तुः <br /><br />
विभिन्नः <br /><br />
एव <br /><br />
अहम् <br /><br />
नित्य-निरन्तर-निष्क्रिय-<br /><br />
निःसीम-<br /><br />
असङ्ग-पूर्ण-बोध-<br /><br />
आत्मा<br />
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=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===<br />
draṣṭuḥ śrotur vaktuḥ kartur bhoktur vibhinnam eva aham | nitya-nirantara-niṣkriya-niḥsīmāsaṅga-pūrṇa-bodhātmā || 491 ||<br />
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=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===<br />
I am distinct from the seer, hearer, speaker, doer, and experiencer; eternally inactive, limitless, unattached, and the essence of complete awareness.<br />
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=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)<br />
|-<br />
| द्रष्टुः (draṣṭuḥ) || of the seer || देखने वाले का<br />
|-<br />
| श्रोतुः (śrotuḥ) || of the hearer || सुनने वाले का<br />
|-<br />
| वक्तुः (vaktuḥ) || of the speaker || बोलने वाले का<br />
|-<br />
| कर्तुः (kartuḥ) || of the doer || करने वाले का<br />
|-<br />
| भोक्तुः (bhoktuḥ) || of the experiencer || अनुभव करने वाले का<br />
|-<br />
| विभिन्नः (vibhinnam) || different/distinct || अलग<br />
|-<br />
| एव (eva) || certainly || निश्चित रूप से<br />
|-<br />
| अहम् (aham) || I || मैं<br />
|-<br />
| नित्य (nitya) || eternal || शाश्वत<br />
|-<br />
| निरन्तर (nirantara) || continuous || निरंतर<br />
|-<br />
| निष्क्रिय (niṣkriya) || inactive || निष्क्रिय<br />
|-<br />
| निःसीम (niḥsīma) || limitless || असीम<br />
|-<br />
| असङ्ग (asaṅga) || unattached || अनासक्त<br />
|-<br />
| पूर्ण-बोध (pūrṇa-bodha) || complete awareness || पूर्ण ज्ञान<br />
|-<br />
| आत्मा (ātmā) || self/soul || आत्मा<br />
|}<br />
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=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples<br />
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation<br />
|-<br />
| अहम् || विभिन्नः || द्रष्टुः इत्यादि || I am distinct from the seer, etc. || मैं देखने वाले इत्यादि से अलग हूँ।<br />
|}<br />
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=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===<br />
* [[draṣṭā|draṣṭā (द्रष्टा)]]<br />
* [[śrotā|śrotā (श्रोता)]]<br />
* [[vaktā|vaktā (वक्ता)]]<br />
* [[kartā|kartā (कर्ता)]]<br />
* [[bhoktā|bhoktā (भोक्ता)]]<br />
* [[nirvāṇa|nirvāṇa (निर्वाण)]]<br />
* [[asaṅga|asaṅga (असङ्ग)]]<br />
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=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===<br />
* Self-realization<br />
* Non-duality<br />
* Consciousness<br />
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=== Commentary (टीका) ===<br />
This sloka underscores the philosophy of non-duality (''advaita'') by identifying the self ('''ātman''') as distinct from the functional roles of seeing, hearing, speaking, doing, and experiencing. It highlights the spiritual insight that the true self is unchanging, limitless, and detached from actions. Such awareness leads to liberation (''mokṣa''). The description of the self as ''nitya'' (eternal) and ''asaṅga'' (unattached) emphasizes its transcendental nature beyond temporal experiences, reinforcing Vedantic teachings that the essence of being is ''pūrṇa-bodha'' (complete awareness), untouched by the duality of the transient world.<br />
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'''</div>
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