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== Sloka 157 ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
देहतद्धर्मतत्कर्मतदवस्थादिसाक्षिणः ।
सत एव स्वतःसिद्धं तद्वैलक्षण्यमात्मनः ॥ १५७ ॥
</pre>

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
देह-तत्-धर्म- तत्-कर्म-तत्-अवस्था-आदि-साक्षिणः ।
सत् एव स्वतः-सिद्धं तत्-वैलक्षण्यम्-आत्मनः ॥

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
deha-tad-dharma-tat-karma-tad-avasthādi-sākṣiṇaḥ |
sat eva svataḥ-siddhaṁ tad-vailakṣaṇyam-ātmanaḥ || 157 ||

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
The distinctiveness of the Self, as the witness of the body, its attributes, actions, and conditions, is self-evident.

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| देह (deha) || body || शरीर
|-
| तत्-धर्म (tat-dharma) || its attributes || उसके गुण
|-
| तत्-कर्म (tat-karma) || its actions || उसके कर्म
|-
| तत्-अवस्था (tat-avasthā) || its conditions || उसकी अवस्थाएँ
|-
| आदि (ādi) || etc. || आदि
|-
| साक्षिणः (sākṣiṇaḥ) || of the witness || साक्षी का
|-
| सत् (sat) || truth || सत्य
|-
| एव (eva) || indeed || वास्तव में
|-
| स्वतः-सिद्धं (svataḥ-siddhaṁ) || self-evident || स्वयं सिद्ध
|-
| तत्-वैलक्षण्यम् (tad-vailakṣaṇyam) || distinctiveness || भिन्नता
|-
| आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) || of the Self || आत्मा की
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| आत्मनः || सिद्धं (is) || वैलक्षण्यम् || The distinctiveness of the Self is self-evident. || आत्मा की भिन्नता स्वयं सिद्ध है।
|-
| आत्मनः || साक्षिणः (implied) || देह आदि || The Self is the witness of the body, etc. || आत्मा शरीर आदि का साक्षी है।
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[sākṣin|sākṣin (साक्षिन्)]]
* [[ātman|ātman (आत्मन्)]]
* [[vailakṣaṇya|vailakṣaṇya (वैलक्षण्य)]]
* [[svataḥ-siddha|svataḥ-siddha (स्वतः सिद्ध)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Self-realization
* Consciousness
* Vedantic Philosophy

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse emphasizes the intrinsic distinctiveness of the *ātman* (Self), which functions as a *sākṣin* (witness) to the physical body, its attributes, actions, and states. The concept of *svataḥ-siddha*, meaning self-evident, suggests that the Self’s uniqueness and its nature as the witness do not depend on any external validation. In Vedantic philosophy, the *ātman* transcends bodily identification and remains unaltered despite the fluctuating conditions of existence. This reveals the steadfast nature of consciousness amid the transient world, underscoring a fundamental teaching in understanding one’s true self.

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Sloka 157 - Revision history

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