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== आत्मज्ञान के साधन | Means of Self-Knowledge ==

=== Summary (in English) ===
The given set of slokas outlines the essential means for attaining *mokṣa* (liberation) as per Vedantic tradition. Firstly, intense *vairāgya* (dispassion) towards transient worldly objects is seen as crucial for liberation, complemented by disciplines like *śama* (mental tranquility), *dama* (self-control), *titikṣā* (endurance), and *nyāsa* (renunciation). These foster readiness for liberation. Further, the seeker should engage in *śruti* (listening), *manana* (reflection), and *dhyāna* (meditation) continuously, moving towards a non-dual experience (*avikalpa*) and attaining *nirvāṇa* (liberation) in this life itself. Finally, a vital practice is *vivecanam*, the discernment between the *ātman* (self) and *anātman* (non-self), achieved through careful listening and internalization, aiding spiritual progress.

=== सारांश ===
प्रस्तुत श्लोकों का संग्रह वेदान्तिक परंपरा के अनुसार मोक्ष प्राप्ति के साधनों को प्रस्तुत करता है। सबसे पहले, नश्वर सांसारिक वस्तुओं के प्रति प्रबल वैराग्य को मोक्ष के लिए अत्यावश्यक बताया गया है, जिसके साथ ही शम (मानसिक शांति), दम (इंद्रियों के नियंत्रण), तितिक्षा (सहनशीलता) और न्यास (त्याग) जैसी साधनाएँ आवश्यक हैं। आगे साधक को श्रुति (सुनना), मनन (चिंतन) और ध्यान (मेडिटेशन) में निरंतरता से प्रवृत्त होना चाहिए जिससे अद्वैत अनुभव (अविकल्प) की ओर बढ़ते हुए इसी जीवन में निर्वाण (मुक्ति) प्राप्त की जा सके। अन्ततः, आत्मा और अनात्मा के विवेकन (भेदभाव) की विधि को विशेष रूप से समझकर तथा आत्मसात कर आध्यात्मिक उन्नति सुनिश्चित की जाती है।

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[vairāgya|vairāgya (वैराग्य)]]
* [[mokṣa|mokṣa (मोक्ष)]]
* [[śama|śama (शम)]]
* [[dama|dama (दम)]]
* [[titikṣā|titikṣā (तितिक्षा)]]
* [[nyāsa|nyāsa (न्यास)]]
* [[śruti|śruti (श्रुति)]]
* [[manana|manana (मनन)]]
* [[dhyāna|dhyāna (ध्यान)]]
* [[avikalpa|avikalpa (अविकल्प)]]
* [[nirvāṇa|nirvāṇa (निर्वाण)]]
* [[vivecanam|vivecanam (विवेचनम्)]]
* [[ātman|ātman (आत्मा)]]
* [[anātman|anātman (अनात्मा)]]

=== Topics ===
* The method of liberation through dispassion and discipline
* The importance of listening, reflection, and meditation
* Discernment between self and non-self in spiritual practice

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Listing characteristics (of a seeker)
* Teaching a method (for liberation)
* Process of self-realization
* Definitions (of key Vedantic terms)

=== S-V-O Tuples or Propositions as Text ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! Subject !! Verb !! Object
|-
| Intense dispassion || is || primary cause of liberation
|-
| Seeker || requires || tranquility, self-control, endurance, renunciation
|-
| Wise / Sage || listens, reflects, meditates || continuously
|-
| Discernment between self and non-self || needs || integration within
|-
| Sadhaka (aspirant) || can attain || bliss of liberation here
|}

=== Slokas & Translations ===

==== Sloka 69 ====
<pre>
मोक्षस्य हेतुः प्रथमो निगद्यते
वैराग्यमत्यन्तमनित्यवस्तुषु ।
ततः शमश्चापि दमस्तितिक्षा
न्यासः प्रसक्ताखिलकर्मणां भृशम् ॥ ६९ ॥
</pre>

'''Translation:''' The primary cause of liberation is said to be intense dispassion towards impermanent things, along with tranquility, self-control, endurance, and the renunciation of all attached actions.

==== Sloka 70 ====
<pre>
ततः श्रुतिस्तन्मननं सतत्त्व
ध्यानं चिरं नित्यनिरन्तरं मुनेः ।
ततोऽविकल्पं परमेत्य विद्वान्
इहैव निर्वाणसुखं समृच्छति ॥ ७० ॥
</pre>

'''Translation:''' Thus listening, reflecting, and meditating deeply and continuously, the wise, attaining the supreme beyond doubt, attains the bliss of liberation here itself.

==== Sloka 71 ====
<pre>
यद्बोद्धव्यं तवेदानीमात्मानात्मविवेचनम् ।
तदुच्यते मया सम्यक्श्रुत्वात्मन्यवधारय ॥ ७१ ॥
</pre>

'''Translation:''' What needs to be understood now is the discernment between self and non-self; listen to it carefully and establish it within yourself.

Section 2 28 - Revision history

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