imported>Vij: Added sloka content

2025-12-03T04:08:51Z

Added sloka content

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== Sloka 1.31 ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव।
न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे।।1.31।।
</pre>

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव |
न च श्रेयः अनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनम् आहवे ||

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
nimitāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava |
na ca śreyo'nu paśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave ||

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
"O Keśava (Krishna), I see adverse omens; and I foresee no good in killing my kin in battle."

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! Transliteration !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| निमित्तानि || nimitāni || omens || शकुन
|-
| च || ca || and || और
|-
| पश्यामि || paśyāmi || I see || मैं देखता हूँ
|-
| विपरीतानि || viparītāni || adverse || विपरीत
|-
| केशव || keśava || O Keśava (Krishna) || हे केशव
|-
| न || na || not || नहीं
|-
| च || ca || and || और
|-
| श्रेयः || śreyaḥ || good/auspicious || श्रेय/अच्छा
|-
| अनुपश्यामि || anu paśyāmi || I foresee || मैं देखता हूँ
|-
| हत्वा || hatvā || killing || मारकर
|-
| स्वजनम् || svajanam || own kin/relatives || स्वजन
|-
| आहवे || āhave || in battle || युद्ध में
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| अहम् (I) || पश्यामि (see) || विपरीतानि निमित्तानि (adverse omens) || I see adverse omens || मैं विपरीत शकुन देखता हूँ
|-
| अहम् (I) || अनुपश्यामि (foresee) || न श्रेयः (no good) || I foresee no good || मैं कोई श्रेय नहीं देखता हूँ
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[nimitta|nimitāni (निमित्तानि)]]
* [[viparīta|viparītāni (विपरीतानि)]]
* [[śreyaḥ|śreyaḥ (श्रेयः)]]
* [[āhava|āhava (आहवे)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Expressions of doubt or conflict resolution.
* References to omens and prophecies.
* Ethical and moral dilemmas in warfare contexts.

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
In this verse, Arjuna addresses Krishna as "O Keśava," expressing his inner turmoil before the battle. Arjuna sees negative signs or omens, indicating impending misfortune if they proceed with the war. The term "nimitāni" signifies these omens, which were considered by ancient Indians as messages from the divine, foretelling future events.

Arjuna is sensitive to the signs perceived in the natural and personal world, which he interprets as unfavorable (viparītāni). This insight reveals Arjuna's hesitation and the moral and ethical predicaments he grapples with—conflict between duty and personal relationships (“hating svajanam” - killing one's own relatives).

Arjuna's concern extends beyond the physical losses, touching upon the grim implications for his spiritual good (śreyah), reflecting the dharmic value system that prioritizes long-term spiritual welfare over short-term material gains. Thus, Arjuna highlights the absence of any perceived benefit (na śreyah), underpinning his reluctance to engage in fated violence ("hathvā", "slaying" in the context of battle), considering the deep-set Kshatriya and personal duties he stands upon.

The dilemma speaks to a larger motif within the "Bhagavad Gita": the inner conflict of duty versus affection, prompting readers to reflect on broader themes related to dharma (moral duty) amidst external and internal pressures.

Sbg1.31 - Revision history

imported>Vij: Added sloka content