View source for Sbg4.31


== Sloka 4.31 ==

Here is the analysis of the provided sloka and its commentaries:

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
यज्ञशिष्टामृतभुजो यान्ति ब्रह्म सनातनम्।
नायं लोकोऽस्त्ययज्ञस्य कुतोऽन्यः कुरुसत्तम।।4.31।।
</pre>

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
- यज्ञशिष्टामृत-भुजः
- यान्ति
- ब्रह्म
- सनातनम्।
- न
- अयम्
- लोकः
- अस्ति
- अयज्ञस्य
- कुतः
- अन्यः
- कुरु-सत्तम

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujaḥ yānti brahma sanātanam।
nāyaṁ loko’styayajñasya kuto’nyaḥ kuru-sattama।।4.31।।

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
Those who partake of the nectar of sacrifice (yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujaḥ) attain the eternal Brahman (sanātanam brahma). O best of the Kurus (kuru-sattama), there is no world for the non-sacrificer (ayajñasya), much less another better one.

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| यज्ञ || sacrifice || यज्ञ
|-
| शिष्ट || remainder, remnant || शेष
|-
| अमृत || nectar || अमृत
|-
| भुजः || eaters || खानेवाले
|-
| यान्ति || go, attain || जाते हैं, प्राप्त होते हैं
|-
| ब्रह्म || Brahman || ब्रह्म
|-
| सनातनम् || eternal || सनातन
|-
| न || not || नहीं
|-
| अयम् || this || यह
|-
| लोकः || world || लोक
|-
| अस्ति || is, exists || है
|-
| अयज्ञस्य || of the non-sacrificer || यज्ञ न करनेवाले का
|-
| कुतः || how, where || कहाँ, कैसे
|-
| अन्यः || other || अन्य
|-
| कुरु-सत्तम || O best of the Kurus || हे कुरुवंशियों में श्रेष्ठ
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| यज्ञशिष्टामृतभुजः (eaters of the remnants of sacrifice) || यान्ति (attain) || ब्रह्म (Brahman) || Eaters of the remnants of sacrifice attain Brahman. || यज्ञ के अवशिष्ट अमृत को खाने वाले ब्रह्म को प्राप्त होते हैं।
|-
| अयज्ञस्य (of the non-sacrificer) || न अस्ति (does not have) || लोकः (world) || The non-sacrificer does not have this world. || यज्ञ न करने वाले का यह लोक नहीं होता।
|-
| अयज्ञस्य (of the non-sacrificer) || कुतः अस्ति (how is there) || अन्यः (another world) || How can there be another world for the non-sacrificer? || यज्ञ न करने वाले के लिए दूसरा लोक कैसे हो सकता है?
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[yajña|yajña (यज्ञ)]]
* [[amṛta|amṛta (अमृत)]]
* [[yajña-śiṣṭa|yajña-śiṣṭa (यज्ञशिष्ट)]]
* [[brahman|brahman (ब्रह्म)]]
* [[karma-yoga|karma-yoga (कर्मयोग)]]
* [[kurusattama|kurusattama (कुरुसत्तम)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Sacrifice and its Importance
* Attainment of Brahman
* Consequences of Non-Sacrifice
* Spiritual Discipline

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
In this passage, the emphasis is placed on the spiritual significance of conducting IAST ''yajña'' (sacrifices). Those who partake of the ''yajña-śiṣṭa'' (remains of sacrifice) metaphorically attain ''amṛta'' (nectar), leading to the attainment of Brahman, the eternal essence. This demonstrates the idea that selfless acts and duties, directed towards the greater good, purify the mind and lead one toward higher consciousness.

The absence of ''yajña'' in one’s actions marks a loss of both worldly life and the celestial opportunity. Thus, a life devoid of sacrifices is seen as bereft of purpose or ultimate goal. Swami Sivananda remarks that through the performance of these sacrifices, the mind is purified, ultimately receiving the knowledge of the Self. The commentary by Swami Ramsukhdas adds that the relinquishment of self-interest and the sincere execution of one's duties bring harmony and spiritual advancement, further advocating that voluntary actions should focus on societal welfare rather than individual comforts.

Ultimately, these teachings guide one towards recognizing the interconnectedness of life and divine fulfillment through selfless service.