View source for Sbg4.21


== Sloka 4.21 ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा त्यक्तसर्वपरिग्रहः।
शारीरं केवलं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम्।।4.21।।
</pre>

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
निराशीः  
यतचित्त-आत्मा  
त्यक्त-सर्व-परिग्रहः  
शारीरं  
केवलं  
कर्म  
कुर्वन्  
न  
आप्नोति  
किल्बिषम् 

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
nirāśīr yatacittātmā tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ |
śārīraṁ kevalaṁ karma kurvannāpnoti kilbiṣam ||4.21||

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
One who has no desires, who has controlled his mind and self, who has renounced all possessions, performing only bodily actions, does not incur sin.

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| निराशीः || without desires || इच्छाओं से रहित
|-
| यतचित्त-आत्मा || one with controlled mind and self || वश में किया हुआ मन और आत्मा
|-
| त्यक्त-सर्व-परिग्रहः || having renounced all possessions || सभी परिग्रहों का त्याग किया हुआ
|-
| शारीरं || pertaining to the body || शरीर से सम्बंधित
|-
| केवलं || merely || केवल
|-
| कर्म || action || कर्म
|-
| कुर्वन् || performing || करते हुए
|-
| न || not || नहीं
|-
| आप्नोति || incurs || प्राप्त करता
|-
| किल्बिषम् || sin || पाप
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| यतचित्त-आत्मा || कुर्वन् || कर्म || The controlled mind and self perform actions. || वश में किया मन और आत्मा कर्म करता है।
|-
| निराशीः व्यक्ति || आप्नोति || किल्बिषम् || The desireless person incurs no sin. || इच्छारहित व्यक्ति पाप को प्राप्त नहीं करता।
|-
| त्यक्त-सर्व-परिग्रहः || कुर्वन् || शारीरम् केवलम् कर्म || One who has renounced all possessions performs only bodily actions. || जिसने सभी परिग्रहों का त्याग किया है वह केवल शारीरिक कर्म करता है।
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[nirāśī|nirāśī (निराशी)]] - state of being without desires
* [[yaticitta|yaticitta (यतचित्त)]] - controlled mind
* [[ātman|ātman (आत्मा)]] - self
* [[parigraha|parigraha (परिग्रह)]] - possessions
* [[kilbiṣa|kilbiṣa (किल्बिष)]] - sin

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Self-control
* Renunciation
* Ethical conduct
* Desirelessness

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
The essential teaching of this sloka is about leading a life of renunciation and self-control. A person who has dispelled desires (''nirāśī'') and has a mind and self under control (''yatacittātmā'') is not ensnared by sin, even though they continue to perform tasks necessary for the sustenance of the body (''śārīraṃ karma''). This sloka advises renouncing material possessions (''parigraha'') and warns against accumulating them out of desires. The emphasis is on performing necessary tasks without getting attached to them, thereby avoiding the bondage of karma. This aligns with the broader Vedantic philosophy of non-attachment and the pursuit of liberation (moksha). By highlighting such qualities, the passage reinforces the path of Karma Yoga, where actions are performed without attachment to the fruits.