View source for Sbg2.19


== Sloka 2.19 ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
य एनं वेत्ति हन्तारं यश्चैनं मन्यते हतम्।
उभौ तौ न विजानीतो नायं हन्ति न हन्यते।।2.19।।
</pre>

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
यः एनं वेत्ति हन्तारं | यः च एनं मन्यते हतम् |
उभौ तौ न विजानीतः | न अयम् हन्ति न हन्यते ||

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
ya enaṁ vetti hantāraṁ yaś cainaṁ manyate hatam |
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṁ hanti na hanyate ||

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
He who thinks the Self (Ātman) is the slayer or is slain does not understand; the Self neither slays nor is slain.

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| यः || he who || जो व्यक्ति
| एनं || this (Self) || इस (आत्मा)
| वेत्ति || knows || जानता है
| हन्तारं || slayer || मारने वाला
| यः || he who || जो व्यक्ति
| च || and || तथा
| एनं || this (Self) || इस (आत्मा)
| मन्यते || thinks || मानता है
| हतम् || slain || मारा गया
| उभौ || both || दोनों
| तौ || those || वे
| न || not || नहीं
| विजानीतः || know || जानते
| न || not || नहीं
| अयम् || this || यह
| हन्ति || slays || मारता है
| न || not || नहीं
| हन्यते || is slain || मारा जाता है
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| यः || वेत्ति || हन्तारं || He who knows (Self) as the slayer || जो (आत्मा को) मारने वाला जानता है
|-
| यः || मन्यते || हतम् || He who thinks (Self) is slain || जो (आत्मा को) मारा हुआ मानता है
|-
| उभौ || न विजानीतः || || Both do not know || दोनों नहीं जानते
|-
| अयम् || न हन्ति || || This (Self) does not slay || यह (आत्मा) नहीं मारता
|-
| अयम् || न हन्यते || || This (Self) is not slain || यह (आत्मा) नहीं मारा जाता
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[Akarta|Akarta (अकर्ता)]]
* [[Atman|Ātman (आत्मा)]]
* [[indestructibility|indestructibility (अविनाशिता)]]
* [[immortality|immortality (अमरता)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Definitions (of Ātman)
* Immortality of Self
* Nature of Ātman

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
The sloka suggests the indefinable and eternal nature of the Ātman (Self) which is beyond physical actions like killing or being killed. The Self is immutable and eternal, nondoer (Akarta), not limited by the concepts of slayer or slain. It transcends time and physical conditions. The essence of the Self remains unaffected through the destruction of the physical body which is subject to change. Those who identify the Self with these actions only express a lack of true knowledge. The śloka highlights the unchangeable and ultimate reality of Ātman as distinct from the transient body. This concept of the Self being actionless is core to understanding vedantic wisdom.

In context, misunderstanding the Self is slayer or slain, denotes ignorance of its real nature. Sivananda emphasizes the non-doership of the Ātman, while Ramsukhdas highlights the appearance of agency due to identification with the body. Understanding this difference is pivotal in vedantic teachings and essential in achieving liberation from the cycle of birth and death.