View source for Sbg2.11


== Sloka 2.11 ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

श्री भगवानुवाच  
अशोच्यानन्वशोचस्त्वं प्रज्ञावादांश्च भाषसे।  
गतासूनगतासूंश्च नानुशोचन्ति पण्डिताः।।2.11।।

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
श्री भगवान् उवाच  
अशोच्यान् अन्वशोचः त्वं  
प्रज्ञा-वदान् च भाषसे  
गत-असून् अगत-असून् च  
न अनुशोचन्ति पण्डिताः  

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
śrī bhagavān uvāca  
aśocyān anvaśocah tvaṁ  
prajñā-vādānśca bhāṣase  
gata-asūn agata-asūnśca  
nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ  

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
The Blessed Lord said: You grieve for those who should not be grieved for, and yet speak words of wisdom. Wise men do not lament for the living or the dead.

भगवान ने कहा: तुम उन लोगों के लिए शोक करते हो जिनके लिए शोक नहीं करना चाहिए और फिर भी ज्ञान की बातें करते हो। ज्ञानी व्यक्ति जीवित या मृत के लिए शोक नहीं करते।

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| श्री भगवान् || The Blessed Lord || परमात्मद (भगवान्)
|-
| उवाच || said || कहा
|-
| अशोच्यान् || those who should not be grieved for || जिन्हें लेकर शोक नहीं करना चाहिए
|-
| अन्वशोचः || you grieve || तुम शोक करते हो
|-
| त्वं || you || तुम
|-
| प्रज्ञावादान् || words of wisdom || ज्ञान की बातें
|-
| च || and || और
|-
| भाषसे || speak || कहते हो
|-
| गत-असून् || the dead || मृत
|-
| अगत-असून् || the living || जीवित
|-
| न || not || नहीं
|-
| अनुशोचन्ति || grieve || शोक करते
|-
| पण्डिताः || the wise || ज्ञानी लोग
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| त्वं (You) || अन्वशोचः (grieve) || अशोच्यान् (those who should not be grieved for) || You grieve for those who should not be grieved for || तुम उन लोगों के लिए शोक करते हो जिनके लिए शोक नहीं करना चाहिए
|-
| पण्डिताः (The wise) || न अनुशोचन्ति (do not grieve) || गत-असून् अगत-असून् (the dead and the living) || Wise men do not lament for the living or the dead || ज्ञानी व्यक्ति जीवित या मृत के लिए शोक नहीं करते
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[prājña|prājña (प्रज्ञा)]]
* [[aśocya|aśocya (अशोच्य)]]
* [[gatāsūna|gatāsūna (गतासून)]]
* [[agatasūna|agatasūna (अगतसून)]]
* [[pañḍita|pañḍita (पण्डित)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Commentary on human suffering
* Nature of wisdom 
* Differentiation between soul and body
* Teachings addressing grief

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
The philosophy of the *Gītā* begins with this verse. Here, *Śrī* *Kṛṣṇa*, referred to as the Blessed Lord, addresses Arjuna, stating that his grief is misplaced. *Arjuna* is chastised for lamenting for *Bhīṣma* and *Droṇa*, who deserve no sorrow because the Self (Ātman, आत्मा) is eternal and unaffected by death. This wisdom is embodied by those who have the knowledge of the Self, who understand that life and death are mere changes in states of material form, not the essence.

Further, the wise discern between what is immortal, referring to the Self, and what is transient, referring to the body. The doctrine of *karma* is highlighted, as the changes that manifest as life circumstances are results of past actions, calling for equanimity rather than attachment or grief. Thus, *Arjuna*'s sorrow stems from ignorance of these truths and an attachment to the temporal relationships and identities accrued in this lifetime, which are themselves results of past *karma*.

Through this teaching, Kṛṣṇa subtly introduces *Arjuna* and, by extension, the reader, to the deeper truths of *Vedānta*. The passage thus addresses the erroneous projection of permanence onto temporary entities, articulating the fundamental Vedantic principle that understanding the true nature of self leads to the dissipation of sorrow.