View source for Sbg2.10


== Sloka 2.10 ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
तमुवाच हृषीकेशः प्रहसन्निव भारत।
सेनयो र उभयो र मध्ये विषीदन्तमिदं वचः।।2.10।।
</pre>

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
तम् उवाच हृषीकेशः प्रहसन् इव भारत सेनयोः उभयोः मध्ये विषीदन्तम् इदं वचः

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasan iva bhārata
senayoḥ ubhayoḥ madhye viṣīdantam idaṁ vacaḥ

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
In the middle of the two armies, Hrishikesha (Lord Krishna) spoke to the despondent Arjuna, with a demeanor as if smiling, O descendant of Bharata.

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| तम् || him || उसे
|-
| उवाच || spoke || कहा
|-
| हृषीकेशः || Hrishikesha (epithet of Krishna) || हृषीकेश (कृष्ण)
|-
| प्रहसन् || smiling || मुस्कराते हुए
|-
| इव || as if || जैसे
|-
| भारत || descendant of Bharata || भरतवंशी
|-
| सेनयोः || of the armies || सेनाओं के
|-
| उभयोः || both || दोनों
|-
| मध्ये || in the middle || मध्य में
|-
| विषीदन्तम् || despondent || शोकाकुल
|-
| इदं || this || यह
|-
| वचः || word || वचन
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| हृषीकेशः (Hrishikesha) || उवाच (spoke) || इदं वचः (this word) || Hrishikesha spoke this word || हृषीकेश ने यह वचन कहा
|-
| हृषीकेशः (Hrishikesha) || प्रहसन् इव (as if smiling) || विषीदन्तम् (despondent Arjuna) || Hrishikesha, as if smiling, (spoke to) the despondent || हृषीकेश ने मुस्कुराते हुए शोकाकुल अर्जुन से कहा 
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[hṛṣīkeśa|hṛṣīkeśa (हृषीकेश)]]
* [[viṣāda|viṣāda (विषाद)]]
* [[śaraṇāgata|śaraṇāgata (शरणागत)]]
* [[ārjuna|ārjuna (अर्जुन)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Dialogue between divine and human
* Despondency in battle
* Encouragement and reassurance

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
In this verse, *Hrishikesha* (Lord Krishna), who encompasses the control of senses, responds to Arjuna's despair with a demeanor that suggests amusement or gentle understanding, highlighting Krishna's divine insight and awareness of circumstances beyond human perception. The context is a crucial moment in the Bhagavad Gita, where Arjuna stands paralyzed by dilemma amidst the battlefield, caught between duty and emotion.

Despite Arjuna's earlier determination, his resolve collapses when confronted by the grim reality of battle against kin, which is why Krishna speaks to him ‘smiling’—as he recognizes the inner conflict and material illusion that Arjuna struggles with. Krishna's smile hints at the potential lesson and the inevitable transformation that Arjuna is poised to experience through divine wisdom.

*Swami Sivananda* notes the setting of the armies and emphasizes that there is no separate commentary, perhaps implying that the setting speaks as much as the content. *Swami Ramsukhdas* elaborates on Arjuna's inner turmoil. Despite initially urging for the chariot to be placed between the armies, Arjuna's heart succumbs to sorrow, influenced by attachments and the foresight of familial destruction. The commentary emphasizes the significance of Arjuna addressing Krishna with reverence as "Hrishikesha" - the master of the senses, capable of guiding lost souls through confusion back to clarity. 

Thus, this verse introduces a foundational teaching of detachment and rightful action free from the clutches of emotional turmoil – the cornerstone of the Gita's teachings.