View source for Sbg1.44


== Sloka 1.44 ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन।
नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम।।1.44।।
</pre>

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===

उत्सन्न-कुल-धर्माणाम्  
मनुष्याणाम्  
जनार्दन  
नरकेऽनियतं  
वासः  
भवति  
इति  
अनुशुश्रुम  

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===

utsanna-kula-dharmāṇām  
manuṣyāṇām  
janārdana  
narake'niyataṃ  
vāsaḥ  
bhavati  
iti  
anuśuśruma  

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===

O Janardana (Krishna), it is heard by us that dwelling in hell is the inevitable fate of those men whose family traditions (kula-dharma) are destroyed.

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| उत्सन्न || destroyed || नष्ट
|-
| कुल-धर्माणाम् || of family traditions || कुलधर्मोंके
|-
| मनुष्याणाम् || of men || मनुष्योंका
|-
| जनार्दन || O Janardana (Krishna) || हे जनार्दन (कृष्ण)
|-
| नरके || in hell || नरकमें
|-
| अनियतं || an unknown period (indefinitely) || अनिश्चित (अवधि)
|-
| वासः || dwelling || वास (रहना)
|-
| भवति || is (becomes) || होता है
|-
| इति || thus || इस प्रकार
|-
| अनुशुश्रुम || we have heard || हमने सुना है
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| हम || सुना है || नरक में निवास || We have heard dwelling in hell || हमने सुना है कि नरक में निवास
|-
| कुल-धर्म || नष्ट होता है || मनुष्यों का || Family traditions are destroyed (of) men || मनुष्यों के कुल-धर्म नष्ट होते हैं
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[kula-dharma|kula-dharma (कुलधर्म)]]
* [[naraka|naraka (नरक)]]
* [[anushaśruma|anushaśruma (अनुशुश्रुम)]]
* [[janārdana|janārdana (जनार्दन)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Family Duties and Traditions
* Consequences of Actions
* Doctrinal Teachings on Hell

=== Commentary (टीका) ===

The sloka addresses the concern of Arjuna regarding the degeneration of *kula-dharma* (family duty, tradition) due to war, leading to societal chaos. Arjuna, in his conversation with Krishna, is worried about the loss of family values and the resultant misery for the souls who would then face the ill fate of *naraka* (hell). He contemplates that the women in families, when left unprotected, might lead to societal degradation, resulting in the destruction of family traditions. The term "अनुशुश्रुम" (anuśuśruma) indicates Arjuna's acknowledgment of the ancient teachings heard from sages or scriptures on the eternal laws of dharma. The commentary strongly suggests the importance of abiding by one's dharma, emphasizing the consequences of failing one's duties, indicating prolonged suffering in hell (*narake'niyatam*). 

In Hindi analysis, there is a warning against straying from one's responsibility and succumbing to desires or malice, stressing the moral obligations that preserve societal order, and how deviation can lead to prolonged suffering. Arjuna's statement underscores the high regard for cultural and familial responsibilities within the Vedic tradition. The loss of *kula-dharma* is viewed as leading not only to personal suffering but to broader social unrest.