View source for Sbg1.39


== Sloka 1.39 ==

Below is the structured analysis and commentary of the provided sloka:

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम्।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन।।1.39।।
</pre>


=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
कथम् | न | ज्ञेयम् | अस्माभिः | पापात् | अस्मात् | निवर्तितुम् |
कुलक्षयकृतम् | दोषम् | प्रपश्यद्भिः | जनार्दन

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
kathaṁ na jñeyam asmābhiḥ pāpād asmān nivartitum
kulakṣayakṛtaṁ doṣaṁ prapaśyadbhiḥ janārdana

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
O Janārdana, why should we not, who clearly see the evil in the destruction of families, learn to turn away from this sin?

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| कथम् || why || क्यों
|-
| न || not || नहीं
|-
| ज्ञेयम् || should be known/learnt || जानना चाहिए
|-
| अस्माभिः || by us || हमारे द्वारा
|-
| पापात् || from sin || पाप से
|-
| अस्मात् || this || इस
|-
| निवर्तितुम् || to turn away || दूर हो जाएं
|-
| कुलक्षयकृतम् || destruction of families || कुल के विनाश से
|-
| दोषम् || evil || दोष
|-
| प्रपश्यद्भिः || clearly seeing || स्पष्ट देख रहे हैं
|-
| जनार्दन || O Janārdana || हे जनार्दन
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| हम || देख रहे हैं || दोष || We see the evil || हम दोष को देख रहे हैं
|-
| हम || सीख सकते हैं || पाप से न हटना || We can learn not to turn away from sin || हम यह सीख सकते हैं कि पाप से न हटना
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[kula-kṣaya|kula-kṣaya (कुलक्षय)]]
* [[Pāpa|pāpa (पाप)]]
* [[Doṣa|doṣa (दोष)]]
* [[Janārdana|Janārdana (जनार्दन)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Ethical reasoning
* Consequences of actions
* Sin and morality
* Family and society

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
In this sloka, Arjuna questions why those who can clearly see the consequences of family destruction do not learn to avoid committing such sinful acts. This highlights his introspection and moral dilemma about participating in a war that would lead to the destruction of families, which initiates a chain of evils. He addresses Kṛṣṇa as Janārdana, which denotes his understanding of the need for righteousness. The sloka emphasizes that wisdom and clear vision call for a responsibility to avert sinful actions like the annihilation of one's clan. The English and Hindi commentaries expand on the idea of negligence and ill effects of desires, which lead to ignorance and unethical behaviors. Arjuna's inner conflict, presented here, is profound as it reflects the Vedic virtues of self-restraint and the consequences of one's actions.