View source for Sbg1.17


== Sloka 1.17 ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः।
धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः।।1.17।।
</pre>

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
काश्यः च परम-अेष्वासः  
शिखण्डी च महारथः  
धृष्टद्युम्नः विराटः च  
सात्यकि च अपराजितः  

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
kāśyaś ca parameṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ  
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ virāṭaś ca sātyakiś cāparājitaḥ  

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
Kasi (the king of Kasi), an excellent archer, and Sikhandi, a mighty car-warrior, Dhrishtadyumna, Virata, and Satyaki, who is unvanquished, sounded their conch shells for their respective sides.

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| काश्यः (kāśyaḥ) || king of Kasi || काशी के राजा
|-
| च (ca) || and || तथा/और
|-
| परम-अेष्वासः (parama-eṣvāsaḥ) || excellent archer || उत्कृष्ट धनुर्धर
|-
| शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) || Sikhandi || शिखण्डी
|-
| महारथः (mahārathaḥ) || mighty car-warrior || महारथी
|-
| धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) || Dhrishtadyumna || धृष्टद्युम्न
|-
| विराटः (virāṭaḥ) || Virata || विराट
|-
| सात्यकि (sātyaki) || Satyaki || सात्यकि
|-
| अपराजितः (aparājitaḥ) || unconquered || अपराजित
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| काश्यः (king of Kasi) || ऐष्वासः (is) || परम (excellent archer) || The king of Kasi is an excellent archer. || काशी के राजा श्रेष्ठ धनुर्धर हैं।
|-
| शिखण्डी (Sikhandi) || अस्ति (is) || महारथः (mighty car-warrior) || Sikhandi is a mighty car-warrior. || शिखण्डी एक महारथी हैं।
|-
| सात्यकि (Satyaki) || च (is) || अपराजितः (unconquered) || Satyaki is unconquered. || सात्यकि अपराजित हैं।
|-
| धृष्टद्युम्नः (Dhrishtadyumna), विराटः (Virata) || च (are) || महावीरः (mighty warriors) || Dhrishtadyumna and Virata are mighty warriors. || धृष्टद्युम्न और विराट महावीर हैं।
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[Mahāratha|Mahāratha (महारथ)]]
* [[Parameṣvāsa|Parameṣvāsa (परमेष्वास)]]
* [[Aparājita|Aparājita (अपराजित)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Identification of warriors
* Recognition of capabilities
* War preparation

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse in the Bhagavad Gita highlights the formidable warriors assembled on the battlefield for the Pandavas. Each warrior brings unique strengths; Kasyas, an accomplished archer, and Sikhandi, recognized as a mighty car-warrior who holds a significant past related to Prince Bhishma. Dhrishtadyumna, the commander of the Pandava forces, is renowned for the sacrifice from which he emerged. Virata, a princely ally, and Satyaki, a peerless warrior from the Vrishni lineage, stand out as unconquered in battle. Their presence indicates a strategic mix of skill, tradition, and loyalty on the Pandava side.

The English commentary by Swami Sivananda focuses on identifying these warriors and their salient features, while the Hindi analysis by Swami Ramsukhdas gives context about the sorrows embedded in war, such as untimely deaths and moral dilemmas, hinting at the complex emotional framework and affiliations. This underscores the human struggle for dharma through individual virtue and collective morality. The mention of differing respects towards Pandava and Kaurava warriors in commentary reflects the storyteller's bias towards the principles of righteousness, which is embodied by the Pandava side.