View source for Sbg1.1


== Sloka 1.1 ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः।
मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय।।1.1।।
</pre>


=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
धृतराष्ट्रः उवाच  
धर्म-क्षेत्रे  
कुरु-क्षेत्रे  
समवेता  
युयुत्सवः  
मामकाः  
पाण्डवाः च एव  
किम् अकुर्वत  
सञ्जय

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
Dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca  
dharma-kṣetre kurukṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ  
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ ca eva kim akurvata sañjaya

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
King Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O Sañjaya, gathered at the holy field of Kurukṣetra and desirous of battle, what did my sons and the sons of Pāṇḍu do?

राजा धृतराष्ट्र ने कहा: हे संजय, कुरुक्षेत्र की धर्मभूमि में एकत्रित होकर युद्ध की इच्छा से युक्त मेरे पुत्रों और पाण्डवपुत्रों ने क्या किया?

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| धृतराष्ट्रः || Dhṛtarāṣṭra || धृतराष्ट्र
|-
| उवाच || said || कहा
|-
| धर्म-क्षेत्रे || in the field of dharma || धर्मभूमि में
|-
| कुरु-क्षेत्रे || at Kurukṣetra || कुरुक्षेत्र में
|-
| समवेता: || assembled participants || एकत्रित सेनाएँ
|-
| युयुत्सवः || desirous to fight || युद्ध की इच्छा से युक्त
|-
| मामकाः || my sons || मेरे पुत्र
|-
| पाण्डवाः || sons of Pāṇḍu || पाण्डव
|-
| च || and || और
|-
| एव || indeed || अवश्य
|-
| किम् || what || क्या
|-
| अकुर्वत || did do || किया
|-
| सञ्जय || O Sañjaya || हे संजय
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| धृतराष्ट्रः || उवाच || सञ्जय || Dhṛtarāṣṭra said to Sañjaya || धृतराष्ट्र ने संजय से कहा
|-
| मामकाः पाण्डवाः || अकुर्वत || किम् || What did my sons and Pāṇḍavas do? || मेरे पुत्र और पाण्डवों ने क्या किया?
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[dharma-kṣetra|dharma-kṣetra (धर्मक्षेत्र)]]
* [[Kurukshetra|Kurukshetra (कुरुक्षेत्र)]]
* [[yuyutsavaḥ|yuyutsavaḥ (युयुत्सवः)]]
* [[māmakāḥ|māmakāḥ (मामकाः)]]
* [[pañdava|pañdava (पाण्डवाः)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Querying an event
* Addressing battle preparation
* Addressing assembly

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
In this opening verse of the Bhagavad Gita, King Dhṛtarāṣṭra inquires about the actions of the two sets of warring factions assembled at the sacred ground of Kurukṣetra. The term *dharma-kṣetra* signifies a field associated with righteousness and virtue, indicating the sacred nature of this battleground. The query reveals the king's concern about the fate of his sons (the Kauravas) and the sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas) amidst the anticipation of battle. The use of the word *yuyutsavaḥ* reveals the eagerness for conflict among the factions. The contrast between Dhṛtarāṣṭra's attachment to his own sons (*māmakāḥ*) and the impersonal reference to the Pāṇḍavas indicates his partiality, which is a central theme that unravels throughout the Gita.

In the commentary by Swami Sivananda, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's opening inquiry is explained as expressing concern and curiosity over the actions of those assembled at the battlefield. The explanation delves into the background of the Kurukṣetra as a sacred field historically tied to Dharma, which adds depth to the setting as a place not just of physical battle but of moral and spiritual significance. Similarly, the Hindi commentary by Swami Ramsukhdas discusses the importance of the *dharma-kṣetra* in the context of history and righteousness, emphasizing the role of Dharma in orchestrating and justifying actions like war.

Both commentaries address the implicit partiality and the inevitable tragedy that would arise from such sentiments. They reflect on the duality of human motives - Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s biases and the noble legacy of Kurukṣetra that provides a backdrop for the unfolding events of the Mahabharata. This verse essentially sets the stage for the entire dialogue that follows in the Bhagavad Gita by posing the crucial question of 'What happened?' - leading to the profound philosophical discourses that ensue.